2n Tema

Question 1

-What Leeuwwenhoek did?

Answer 1

He conststructed the firts microscope ever created, a primative one.

Question 2

What Pasteur did?

Answer 2

Hi did an experiment in which he used a swan-neck flask, among other objects, to refuse the spontaneous generation theory.

Question 3

Who was Koch?

Answer 3

He was the first person to say that microorganisms caused diseases. He created the Koch’s postules.

Question 4

what does the Koch postules say?

Answer 4

1. The microorganism must be found in abundance in all microorganisms suffering form the disease, not in healthy ones.
2. The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grow in pure culture.
3. The culured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism.
4. The microorganism must be reisolated form the inoculated

Question 5

Are the postulates criteria followed by viruses?

Answer 5

They are not, because they are not able to grow in a culture

Question 6

Which is the difference beteen prevalence and incidents?

Answer 6

Prevalence: Number of cases.
Incidents: number of new cases

Question 7

What dimitri ivanovski did?

Answer 7

hile studying mopsaic tobacoo disease, he found that the causative agent was small enough for passing through ceramic filtres and he named them “filtrable infectious agents”

Question 8

What Matinus Beijerinck did?

Answer 8

Confirmed Ivanovsky reuslts and developed the term “contagium vivum fluidum? Idea of a new agent different from bacteria

Question 9

what Freidich Loeffler and Paul Frosch did?

Answer 9

Oberved that a similar agent was responsible for foot-and-mouth disease

Question 10

What are some important events throught the history of virology?

Answer 10

Discovery of the solid tumor virus, discovery of bacterial viruses, creation of the electronic microscopem discovery of animal cells infected by viruses could be gron in a culture, and more

Question 11

What smallpox is?

Answer 11

Smallpox is an infection that causes the viriola disease. It is caused by the virola major virus and it can be transmitted through the air

Question 12

What chickenpox is?

Answer 12

Chickenpox is an infection that causes the varicella disease. It is caused by the chickenpox virus and it’s not as deadly as smallpox is.

Question 13

What was invented in Asia during the Middle Age?

Answer 13

In Asia, they invented something called variolation, that is like a type of vaccine and that it was introduced to Europe later on.

Question 14

What is variolation?

Answer 14

They call variolation to the process of peeling off crusts from the skin of a person with smallpox. Afterwards, they would smash the crusts and dried them and this mixture would be inhaled by another person that is smallpox-free

Question 15

Who was Edward Jenner?

Answer 15

Edward Jenner was a doctor. He observed that milkmaids (ladies that are in charge of the cows) didn’t get infected from smallpox when they were in contact with cows that had cowpox, a specific type of smallpox. Instead of getting infected, they had infections on their hands but not on their face

Question 16

Does cowpox virus infect humans, cows, or both?

Answer 16

Only cows

Question 17

How they transported the vaccines from Europe to America?

Answer 17

To transport the vaccines from Europe to America, they took twenty-two abandoned boys and they put them in a boat whose destination was America. In fact, these poor unfortunate boys had inside their bodies the attenuated vaccine.

Question 18

What is a virological weapon?

Answer 18

Microorganisms and microorganism’s toxins, animals and plants.

Question 19

What Bioterrorism is?

Answer 19

Use of virological weapons to cause deadly diseases to human beings, animals or plants.

Question 20

Which is the main requisit to be a virogical weapon?

Answer 20

They need to be “weaponized” (produced in large quantities, in a stable way).

Question 21

Which are the virogical weapons properties?

Answer 21

They are cheap and easy to produce, to be transported and to be hidden (they can’t be detected by any other type of weapon detection system).

Question 22

Which are the dessemination methods?

Answer 22

Water and food contamination, via aerosol, via injection

Question 23

What happened to Georgi Markov?

Answer 23

He was a Czech journalist that died from an injection of a toxin