2HT - FROM TRADE TO TERRITORY Flashcards
Dateline
1498
Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer, discovered the sea-route to India.
Dateline
1600
The East India Company acquired a charter from the ruler of England, Queen Elizabeth 1, granting it the sole right to trade with the East.
Dateline
1651
The first English Factory was set up on the banks of the river Hugli.
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1696
The East India Company began building a fort around the settlement.
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1756
Alvardi Khan died and Sirajuddaulah became the Nawab of Bengal
Dateline
1757
The battle of Plassey took place
British Forces under Robert Clive and the Nawab of Bengal Sirajuddaulah in 1757.
Dateline
1764
The battle of Buxar took place
Dateline
1765
The Mughal Emperor appointed the Company as the Diwan of the Provinces of Bengal.
Dateline
1782 - 99
Tipu Sultan was the ruler of Mysore
Dateline
1767 - 69
The first battle between the Company and Mysore
Dateline
1780 - 84
The second battle between the Company and Mysore
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1790 - 92
The third battle between the company and Mysore.
Dateline
1799
The last battle between the Company and Mysore. Tipu Sultan was killed in this battle.
Dateline
1782
The first anglo-Maratha war ended.
Dateline
1801
The nawab of Awadh was forced to give over half of his territory to the company.
Dateline
1803 - 05
The second Anglo-Maratha was took place
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1817 - 19
The third Anglo-Maratha was took place.
Dateline
1813 - 23
Lord Hastings was the Governor-General of India.
Dateline
1849
Punjab was annexed
Dateline
1848 - 56
Lord Dalhousie was the Governor-General of India.
Dateline
1848
Satara was annexed.
Dateline
1850
Sambalpur was annexed
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1852
Udaipur was annexed.
Dateline
1853
Nagpur was annexed
Dateline
1854
Jhansi was annexed
Dateline
1857
Great revolt broke out in India
Answer in brief
Who was the ruler of England in 1600?
Queen Elizabeth 1 was the ruler of England in 1600.
Dateline
What caused a huge loss of revenue in Bengal?
Aurangzeb’s Farman had granted the company only the right to trade duty-free. But the officials of the company, who were carrying on private trade on the side, also stopped paying duty. This caused a huge loss of revenue for Bengal.
Answer in brief
Why did the company want a puppet ruler?
A puppet ruler would willingly give it trade concessions and other privileges.
Dateline
What was the main reason for the defeat of Sirajuddaulah at Plassey?
Mir Jafar, one of Sirajuddaulah’s commanders, did not fight the battle.
Answer in brief
Why did the battle of Plassey become famous?
It was the first major victory the company won in India.
British Forces under Robert Clive and the Nawab of Bengal Sirajuddaulah in 1757.
Answer in brief
Whom did the company install in place of Mir Jafar?
Company installed Mir Qasim in place of Mir Jafar.
Answer in brief
How did the company purchase Indian goods?
Company purchased Indian goods with gold and silver imported from Britain.
Answer in brief
Who were called Nabobs?
Several Company officials returned to Britain with wealth and led flashy lives and showed their riches with great pride. They were called nabobs.
Answer in brief
Who were the Residents?
The residents were the political or commercial agents and their job was to serve and further the interests of the company.
Answer in brief
What purpose did the Residents serve?
Through the residents, the company officials began interfering in the internal affairs of Indian states.
Answer in brief
Name the two rulers under whose leadership Mysore became powerful.
Haider Ali and his son, Tipu Sultan.
Answer in brief
Why did Tipu Sultan develop a close relationship with the French in India?
He did so in order to modernise his army with their help.
Answer in brief
What happened in the Battle of Seringapatnam?
Tipu Sultan was killed defending his capital Seringapatnam.
Answer in brief
What was the result of second Anglo-Maratha War?
The British gained Orissa and the territories north of the Yamuna river including Agra and Delhi.
Answer in brief
What was the objective behind the Company’s new policy of Paramountcy?
The company claimed that its authority was paramount or supreme and therefore its power was greater than that of Indian states.
Answer in brief
What was the result of Rani Channamma’s anti-British resistance movement?
She was put in the prison where she died.
Answer in brief
What was Lord Dalhousie’s Doctrine of Lapse?
If an Indian ruler died without a male heir his kingdom would become the part of company territory.
Answer in brief
Name the kingdoms which were annexed on the basis of “Doctrine of Lapse”.
- Satara
- Sambalpur
- Udaipur
- Nagpur
- Jhansi
Answer in brief
What constituted the Mughal Army?
Cavalry and infantry, that is paidal solders.
Answer in brief
Why was Warren Hastings, the first Governor-General of India, tried after he returned to England?
he was tried for the misgovernance of Bengal.
Answer in brief
What was the result of the trial of the first Governor-General Warren Hastings on his return to England?
Warren Hastings was impeached.
Define
Impeachment
A trial by the House of Lords in England for charges of misconduct brought against a person in the House of Commons.
Define
Qazi
A judge
Dateline
Mufti
A jurist of the Muslim community responsible for expounding the law that the qazi would administer
Answer in brief
What was the result of the third Anglo-Maratha war?
The third Anglo-Maratha war crushed Maratha power. The Peshwas was removed and sent away to Bithur near Kanpur with a pension.
The company now had complete control over the territories south of the Vindhyas.
Fill in the blank
British territories were broadly divided into administrative units called ________.
Presidencies
Fill in the blank
_________ and _________ were two famous Maratha soldiers and statesmen of the late 18th century.
Mahadji Sindhia
Nana Phadnavis
Fill in the blank
The Royal Charter could not prevent other European powers from entering the ______ markets.
Eastern
Fill in the blank
The Bengal nawabs asserted their power and autonomy after the death of _________.
Aurangzeb
Fill in the blank
_________ was made the Nawab of Bengal after the defeat of Sirajuddaulah at Plassey.
Mir Jafar
Fill in the blank
The company took over Awadh in the year______.
1856
Fill in the blank
The principal figure in an Indian district was the _________.
Collector
Fill in the blank
The first Anglo-Maratha war ended with the Treaty of _________.
Salbai
True or False
The Maratha power was crushed in the third Anglo-Maratha war.
True
True or False
Tipu Sultan disallowed local merchants from trading with the Company.
True
True or False
The company took away parts of territories from Punjab and Satara on the basis of Subsidiary alliance.
False
True or False
The Mughal emperor appointed the company as the Diwan of the provinces of Bengal in the year 1700.
False
True or False
lord Dalhousie’sdoctrine of lapse proved to be a total failure.
False
It was successful.
Answer in brief
What happened after the death of Tipu Sultan?
After the death of Tipu Sultan, his capital Seringapatnam, Mysore was placed under the former ruling dynasty of the Wodeyars and a subsidiary alliance was imposed on the state.
Answer in brief
Who was the Governor-General when the company pursued the new policy of Paramountcy.
Warren Hastings
Answer in brief
Why the company fought a prolonged war with Afghanistan?
The company was worried about Russia’s expansion across Asia. The company fought the war between 1838 and 1842 and established indirect company rule there.
Answer in brief
How Punjab was annexed?
After safeguarding the northwest by establishing an indirect control over Afghanistan, the company tried to take control over Punjab. But Maharaja Ranjit Singh held them back. After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, two prolonged wars were fought with the Sikh Kingdom and in 1849, Punjab was annexed.
Answer in brief
What was the companies argument while taking over Awadh.
The company officials said that they were obliged by duty to take over Awadh in order to free the people from the misgovernment of Nawab.
Answer in brief
British administration was divided into how many groups?
The British administration was divided into three units called Presidencies.
Bengal
Madras
Bombay
Answer in brief
Who was the supreme head of administration of India and the Presidencies?
Each Presidency was headed by a Governor.
The supreme head of the administration was the governor-General.
Answer in brief
What system of justice was established in each district from 1772,
Each district was to have two courts
Criminal Court (Faujdari Adalat)
Civil court (Diwani Adalat).
Maulvis and Hindu Pandits interpreted Indian laws for the European district collectors who presided over civil courts. The criminal courts were still under a qazi and mufti but under the supervision of the collector.
Answer in brief
The travel time to India from England was nearly six to eight months.
How much traveling time was reduced after the introduction of the Steam engine.
Three weeks.
Answer in brief
How much area came under the East India company by 1857.
By 1857 the company came to exercise direct rule over about 63 % of the territory and 78 % population of the Indian subcontinent.
Answer in brief
What led to the fierce battles between the trading companies?
All the companies were interested in buying the same thing - fine quality silk and cotton, pepper, cloves, cardamom, and cinnamon.
This pushed the price further, and the urge to secure markets led to fierce battles.
They regularly sank each other’s ship, blockaded route and prevented rival ships from moving with supplies.
