2C Vocab Flashcards
Abduction
the movement of a limb or other part away from the midline of the body, or from another part
Adduction
movement towards the mid-line of the body - also applies to movements inwards and across the body. That is, movement of the right arm inwards (so to the left) towards or even past the center of the body would be adduction of the right arm
Agitated Behavior Scale (ABS)
A medical evaluation to determine and communicate the degree of specific types of agitation present in patient and their ability to be redirected. A score of 15 is very appropriate, in the late 20’s start to indicate a severe behavior problem.
Anoxia
Damage caused by lack of oxygen to the brain.
Aphasia
loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage.
Wernicke Aphasia
Impaired ability to understand verbal communication
Brocca Aphasia
Impaired ability to produce meaningful verbal communication
Global Aphasia
Impaired ability to produce and understand verbal communication
Apraxia
inability to perform particular purposive actions, as a result of brain damage. BE AWARE OF SUBSETS
Ataxia
Reduced or lack of control of body movement. May look very jerky but with the general direction a person wanted to move.
Bone Flap
portion of cranium removed and either is stored somewhere else temporarily until it is reattached, or discarded (cannot be used due to extenuating circumstances).
Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA)
another name for a stroke. It is damage to the brain caused by a disruption of the blood supply to a part of the brain. This disruption of blood supply can be caused by a blood clot, or by a ruptured artery.
Contracture
a condition of shortening and hardening of muscles, tendons, or other tissue, often leading to deformity and rigidity of joints
Communication Board
A communication board is a board with symbols or pictures attached that is used to facilitate communication for patients with limited expressive language ability. Patients communicate using the board by pointing and gesturing or gazing at the various symbols and pictures.
Cognition
the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.
Craniectomy
A procedure that removals a bone flap, and is not returned to its location after the procedure is finished. This may be due to trauma to the bone itself, because the brain is too swollen to permit the return of the bone flap, or because the surgeon feels it is in the patient’s best interest.
Cranioplasty
Plastic surgery of the skull; a surgical correction of a skull defect.
Visual Field Cut
Not visually perceiving information in a specific area of the visual field
Vestibular System
a complex system of the inner ear that functions in mediating the vestibular sense. How you get your sense of balance.
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
An injury caused by a blow or jolt to the head that results in cognitive or physical impairment that can be short or long term
Vertigo
spinning form of feeling dizzy
CT Scan
A computerized tomography (CT) scan combines a series of X-ray images taken from different angles and uses computer processing to create cross-sectional images, or slices, of the bones, blood vessels and soft tissues inside your body. CT scan images provide more detailed information than plain X-rays do.
Diplopia
Double vision
Distal
situated away from the center of the body or from the point of attachment
Tone
normal degree of vigor and tension; in muscle, the resistance to passive elongation or stretch; tonus.
Tachycardia
A rapid heart rate, usually defined as greater than 100 beats per minute.
Proximal
nearest to a point of reference, as to a center or median line or to the point of attachment or origin.
Proprioception
A sense or perception, usually at a subconscious level, of the movements and position of the body and especially its limbs, independent of vision; this sense is gained primarily from input from sensory nerve terminals in muscles and tendons (muscle spindles) and the fibrous capsule of joints combined with input from the vestibular apparatus.
Dysphagia
difficulty or discomfort in swallowing, as a symptom of disease.
Dysarthria
difficult or unclear articulation of speech that is otherwise linguistically normal.
Echolalia
meaningless repetition of another person’s spoken words as a symptom of psychiatric disorder
Post Traumatic Amnesia (PTA)
a period of amnesia between a brain injury resulting in memory loss and the point at which the functions concerned with memory are restored.
Perseveration
the inappropriate persistence or repetition of a thought or action after the causative stimulus has ceased or in response to different stimuli; for example, a patient answers a question correctly but incorrectly gives the same answer to succeeding questions. Perseveration is most often associated with brain lesions but is also seen in schizophrenia.
Edema
a condition characterized by an excess of watery fluid collecting in the cavities or tissues of the body.
Encephalopathy
a disease in which the functioning of the brain is affected by some agent or condition (such as viral infection or toxins in the blood).
Flaccid
Lack of muscle tone or contracture due to muscle weakness or paralysis. Results in the affected body part hanging limply.
Orthostatic Hypotension
a fall in blood pressure associated with an upright position, usually occurring as a result of standing still for a long time or rising from a prolonged stay in bed and often causing faintness, dizziness, and vision disturbances.
O-Log (Orientation Log)
An evaluation tool used to measure a patient’s orientation to time, place, and situation.
Neglect
state in which there is a lack of awareness and attention to one side of the body.
Lability
in psychiatry, emotional instability; rapidly changing emotions. e.g. laughing or crying at inappropriate times, or crying when someone says something like “the weather is nice” but not due to sadness or depression.
Frazier Free Water Protocol
A protocol assigned to patients with dysphagia who, after oral care, may be given AND offered water frequently. This is to increase hydration which is connected to decreased lethargy and increased immunity. Tap water does not cause aspiration pneumonia, but due to bacteria levels, oral care must be done before pt can start Free Water Protocol.
Gastronomy tube (G-tube)
A tube placed directly into the stomach for long-term enteral feeding or gastric decompression.
Glasgow Coma Scale:
A medical scale to objectively measure a person’s state of consciousness or awareness. 3 is the lowest and 15 is normal functioning.
Hematoma
a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues.
Hemiparesis
weakness in one side of the body
Hemiplegia
paralysis of one side of the body
Impulsivity
Impulsivity has been variously defined as behavior without adequate thought, the tendency to act with less forethought than do most individuals of equal ability and knowledge, or a predisposition toward rapid, unplanned reactions to internal or external stimuli without regard to the negative consequences of these reactions
Hypertension (HTN)
abnormally high blood pressure.
Hydrocephalus
the buildup of fluid in the cavities (ventricles) deep within the brain. The excess fluid increases the size of the ventricles and puts pressure on the brain.
Hemorrhage
an escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel, especially when profuse
Left Hemisphere
Verbal and analytical
Right Hemisphere
Nonverbal and intuitive
What are the 3 main jobs of the occipital lobe?
Visual perception
visual processing
reading (the perception and recognition of printed words)
What are the 8 functions of the parietal lobe?
Tactile perception (touch) spatial orientation awareness of body parts academic skills object naming right/left organization visual attention eye-hand coordination
What are the 9 functions of the Temporal Lobe?
Short-term memory receptive language language comprehension musical awareness selective attention object categorization locating objects face recognition behavior (aggressive)
What are the 12 functions of the frontal lobe?
attention motivation emotional, social, sexual control verbal expression judgment spontaneity problem solving decision making expressive language motor integration voluntary movement sequencing
What is the cerebrum?
the principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front area of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure. It is responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity in the body.
What are the 5 functions controlled by the cerebellum?
Coordination of voluntary movements Gross and fine motor coordination postural control balance and equilibrium eye movement
What are the 5 functions controlled by the brainstem?
Autonomic nervous system (heart rate, breathing, temperature, etc) Level of alertness Arousal and sleep regulation Swallowing food and fluid Balance and movement
