2c education

Question 1

what did education look like before 1918

Answer 1

Education was provided by LEAs

Poor standards & varied regionally

Question 2

what was the fisher act in 1918

Answer 2

Raised the school leaving age to 14.

Gov took more control as opposed to the LEA. (funding)

Question 3

what did elementry schools involve

Answer 3

Provided children with a basic education to the age of 14.
It was free to all.

The quality varied massively.
Class sizes of up to 50-60
Learning by Rote

Question 4

what did secondary schools look like

Answer 4

educate people from 14-16 or 11-16 depending on region.

Overall, secondary schools were the preserve of middle-class children;

most were fee paying.

Question 5

what did grammar schools look like

Answer 5

Charged fees, some students could get scholarships.

Very academic. Tough to get into.

Often for the middle- and upper-middle classes.

Question 6

what were public schools

Answer 6

Public Schools = Private School.

Charged fees - very expensive.

Examples include Eton & Harrow.

Public schools have had a strong association with the ruling classes & aristocracy.

Question 7

what was the impact of the second world war

Answer 7

the armed forces required educated troops in order to understand the technical complexities of war

Question 8

what was the butler act

Answer 8

introduced in 1944 by rab butler which established a tripartite system

State secondary schools would no longer charge fees and the cost would be paid by general taxation.

Question 9

outline the role of grammar schools

Answer 9

these schools were to provide an academic curriculum for all children who could pass an eleven-plus’ exam

• to provide a route into greater opportunities for many working-class children.

Question 10

outline the role of secondary modern schools

Answer 10

tended to educate the lower classes
generally received fewer resources and had less well-qualified teachers;
75% of children went to secondary moderns in the post-war period.

Question 11

outline the impact of the butler act

Answer 11

for the first time millions of working class children had access to a free and compulsory education system

Question 12

how many working class children were still in school after 13 during the interwar period

Answer 12

13%

Question 13

how many children were in secondary education during the interwar period

Answer 13

20%

Question 14

how did the conservative party view the tripartite system and how did this contrast to labours views

Answer 14

conservatives see the system as providing for the economy’s needs
however, labour viewed the system as socially divisive

Question 15

what were issues with the butler act

Answer 15

Only 3% of students went to Technical schools.

70% went to Secondary Moderns that were underfunded and did not provide an effective curriculum.

Question 16

explain the cause of the introduction of comprehensives

Answer 16

Wilson’s plan was to massively increase the number of comprehensive schools.
this was to offer all students the equality of oppurtunity in education and prevent discrimination against the 11+

Question 17

what were the recommendations of the Crowther report

Answer 17

raising the school leaving age to sixteen

creating county colleges for post-sixteen education and creating more technical colleges

developing more sixth-form courses.

Getting more high quality teachers into the profession.

Question 18

summarise the development of comprehensives 64-70

Answer 18

Wilson and Labour wanted the Comprehensive to become the dominant type of secondary school.
Labour informed LEAs that it expected to see them dismantle selection, but it never forced them to do so.

Question 19

summarise the development of comprehensives 70-74

Answer 19

Both parties created comps & abolished grammars, despite many members of the Cons Party being fiercely against the policy.

Question 20

what did the newsom report find

Answer 20

Many inner city schools were failing in education provision (high turnover of teachers).

There should be a new focus on researching teaching methods to help children who struggled at school.

Question 21

what did the 1969 black papers report report

Answer 21

1969 - Black Papers published. Reported that teacher’s had lost authority in the classroom.

Question 22

outline the differences between grammar schools and secondary moderns

Answer 22

Grammar schools were often excellent but secondary moderns lagged behind - poorly resourced and poorly staffed.

Question 23

what led to callaghans ruskin speech

Answer 23

Concerns with the quality of education led to the Back Papers and Callaghan’s 1976 Ruskin Speech.

suggested there should be a national curriculum that all schools should follow.

Teachers should be more closely scrutinized and inspected.

Question 24

why did the 76 Education Act just reaffirm the thrust of the 65 Act?

Answer 24

as much of the middle class were opposed to the abolition of grammar schools
Nonetheless, by 1979 comprehensives were the dominant type of secondary in the UK