2c education Flashcards
what did education look like before 1918
Education was provided by LEAs
Poor standards & varied regionally
what was the fisher act in 1918
Raised the school leaving age to 14.
Gov took more control as opposed to the LEA. (funding)
what did elementry schools involve
Provided children with a basic education to the age of 14.
It was free to all.
The quality varied massively.
Class sizes of up to 50-60
Learning by Rote
what did secondary schools look like
educate people from 14-16 or 11-16 depending on region.
Overall, secondary schools were the preserve of middle-class children;
most were fee paying.
what did grammar schools look like
Charged fees, some students could get scholarships.
Very academic. Tough to get into.
Often for the middle- and upper-middle classes.
what were public schools
Public Schools = Private School.
Charged fees - very expensive.
Examples include Eton & Harrow.
Public schools have had a strong association with the ruling classes & aristocracy.
what was the impact of the second world war
the armed forces required educated troops in order to understand the technical complexities of war
what was the butler act
introduced in 1944 by rab butler which established a tripartite system
State secondary schools would no longer charge fees and the cost would be paid by general taxation.
outline the role of grammar schools
these schools were to provide an academic curriculum for all children who could pass an eleven-plus’ exam
- to provide a route into greater opportunities for many working-class children.
outline the role of secondary modern schools
tended to educate the lower classes
generally received fewer resources and had less well-qualified teachers;
75% of children went to secondary moderns in the post-war period.
outline the impact of the butler act
for the first time millions of working class children had access to a free and compulsory education system
how many working class children were still in school after 13 during the interwar period
13%
how many children were in secondary education during the interwar period
20%
how did the conservative party view the tripartite system and how did this contrast to labours views
conservatives see the system as providing for the economy’s needs
however, labour viewed the system as socially divisive
what were issues with the butler act
Only 3% of students went to Technical schools.
70% went to Secondary Moderns that were underfunded and did not provide an effective curriculum.
explain the cause of the introduction of comprehensives
Wilson’s plan was to massively increase the number of comprehensive schools.
this was to offer all students the equality of oppurtunity in education and prevent discrimination against the 11+
what were the recommendations of the Crowther report
raising the school leaving age to sixteen
creating county colleges for post-sixteen education and creating more technical colleges
developing more sixth-form courses.
Getting more high quality teachers into the profession.
summarise the development of comprehensives 64-70
Wilson and Labour wanted the Comprehensive to become the dominant type of secondary school.
Labour informed LEAs that it expected to see them dismantle selection, but it never forced them to do so.
summarise the development of comprehensives 70-74
Both parties created comps & abolished grammars, despite many members of the Cons Party being fiercely against the policy.
what did the newsom report find
Many inner city schools were failing in education provision (high turnover of teachers).
There should be a new focus on researching teaching methods to help children who struggled at school.
what did the 1969 black papers report report
1969 - Black Papers published. Reported that teacher’s had lost authority in the classroom.
outline the differences between grammar schools and secondary moderns
Grammar schools were often excellent but secondary moderns lagged behind - poorly resourced and poorly staffed.
what led to callaghans ruskin speech
Concerns with the quality of education led to the Back Papers and Callaghan’s 1976 Ruskin Speech.
suggested there should be a national curriculum that all schools should follow.
Teachers should be more closely scrutinized and inspected.
why did the 76 Education Act just reaffirm the thrust of the 65 Act?
as much of the middle class were opposed to the abolition of grammar schools Nonetheless, by 1979 comprehensives were the dominant type of secondary in the UK
