2C

Question 1

Name the monomers that make dna and rna

Answer 1

Nucleotides

Question 2

Describe basic structure of nucleotide

Answer 2

A phosphate group, pentose sugar and a base

Question 3

What do A,C,T,G,U stand for

Answer 3

Adenine, cytosine, thymine, guanine, uracil

Question 4

How do dna and rna differ

Answer 4

RNA has a ribose sugar whereas DNA has a deoxyribose sugar. RNA has a uracil base whereas DNA has Thymine

Question 5

Structure of dna

Answer 5

Double stranded. Made up of 2 DNA polynucleotide strands held together by complementary base pairing and hydrogen bonds.

Question 6

Structure of rna

Answer 6

Single polynucleotide strand of RNA nucleotides.

Question 7

Describe how nucleotides join together to form polynucleotide

Answer 7

By condensation reactions between the sugar and phosphate groups to form phosphodiester bonds and a sugar phosphate backbone

Question 8

Which bases form complimentary base pairs in dna and rna

Answer 8

Adenine with Thymine (Uracil in RNA). Cytosine with Guanine.

Question 9

Briefly outline the two main stages involed in protein synthesis

Answer 9

1. Transcription; reads DNA sequence and produces mRNA.
2. Translation; reads mRNA sequence and orders amino acids to form polypeptide.

Question 10

Process of transcription

Answer 10

DNA uncoils (DNA helicase) into two strands with exposed bases. One used as a template. Free RNA nucleotides form hydrogenn bonds with complementary bases. Nucleotides are joined together by RNA polymerase forming phospodiester bonds between the sugar and phosphate groups in a condensation reaction.