2b.3 - Acids, Alkalis and Bases Flashcards

1
Q

What does the pH scale go up to?

A

pH 14

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2
Q

What makes an acid an acid?

A

H+ ions

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3
Q

What is a base?

A

A substance with a pH greater than 7

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4
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A base dissolved in water

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5
Q

What makes an alkali an alkali?

A

OH- ions

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6
Q

What is the word equation for neutralisation?

A

acid + base -> salt + water

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7
Q

What is the symbol equation for neutralisation in terms of H+ and OH- ions?

A

H+ + OH- -> H2O

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8
Q

Write the word equation for the reaction of acids and metals

A

acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen

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9
Q

What is the test for hydrogen?

A

Squeaky pop

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10
Q

Why do copper, silver, gold and platinum not react with dilute acid?

A

They are less reactive than hydrogen

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11
Q

What type of salts are produced when hydrochloric acids are reacted with metals?

A

Chloride salts

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12
Q

What type of salts are produced when sulfuric acids are reacted with metals?

A

Sulfate salts

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13
Q

What type of salts are produced when nitric acids are neutralised?

A

Nitrate salts

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14
Q

Give examples of bases

A
  • Metal oxides

- Metal hydroxides

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15
Q

What is produced when you react hydrochloric acid with copper oxide?

A

Copper chloride and water

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16
Q

What is produced when you react hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide?

A

Sodium chloride and water

17
Q

What is produced when you react sulfuric acid with zinc oxide?

A

Zinc sulfate and water

18
Q

What is produced when you react sulfuric acid with calcium hydroxide?

A

Calcium sulfate and water

19
Q

What is produced when you react nitric acid with magnesium oxide?

A

Magnesium nitrate and water

20
Q

What is produced when you react nitric acid with potassium hydroxide?

A

Potassium nitrate and water

21
Q

What is the chemical formula of ammonia?

22
Q

What is the word equation for the neutralisation of ammonia?

A

ammonia + nitric acid -> ammonium nitrate

23
Q

Why is the neutralisation of ammonia different from most other neutralisation reactions?

A

There is no water produced - just the ammonium salt

24
Q

Why is ammonium nitrate a good fertiliser?

A

It has nitrogen from two sources, the ammonia and nitric acid and plants need nitrogen to make proteins

25
How do you make a soluble salt using a metal or an insoluble base? (5)
- Add the metal or insoluble base the acid - The solid will dissolve in the acid as it reacts - Excess solid will sink to the bottom of the flask - Filter the excess metal - Crystallise it
26
How do you make soluble salts using an alkali? (3)
- You need to know exactly the right amount of alkali to neutralise the acid - you use an indicator - Then repeat using exactly the same volumes of acid and alkali so the salt isn't contaminated with indicator - Then crystallise as normal
27
How do you crystallise when making soluble salts? (the last step)
Evaporate some water then leave it to evaporate slowly. This is crystallisation.
28
What do you need to do if the salt you are trying to make is insoluble?
Use a precipitation reaction
29
How do you do a precipitation reaction? (2)
- Pick two solutions that contain the ions you need (e.g to make lead chloride you need a solution with lead ions and chloride ions. You can use lead nitrate (most nitrates are soluble) solution with sodium (all group one compounds are soluble) chloride solution - Filter it, wash it and dry it
30
Other than making insoluble salts, what else are precipitation reactions used for?
Removing poisonous ions from drinking water and making water softer