Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK 2 > 2b - Tspine Path and Interventions > Flashcards

2b - Tspine Path and Interventions Flashcards

1
Q

facet joint dysfunction: pain presentation & aggravating factors

A

fairly localized
- facet joint pain pattern
- achy

TTP - on supraspinous ligs
- see some ms spasm/pain
pain w deep breaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

facet joint dysfunction: MOI

A

prolonged sustained position
- poor posture
- slow, gradual onset
awkward movement
mild to mod trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

facet joint dysfunction: clinical exam findings

A

limited tspine AROM/PROM
limited/provocative PPIVMS/PAIVMS
(+) palpatory findings - TTP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

facet joint dysfunction: 6 interventions

A

joint mob/manip to hypo
ROM exercise
scap/paraspin & ab strength
stretch shortened ms
posture ed
STM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the 2 most commonly restricted motions in facet joint dysfunction

A

thoracic ext
thoracic rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why would a footstool be important for a seated thoracic ext stretch

A

stabilize lumbar spine
- get tspine ext w/o hyperext lumbar spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a consideration for the cervical spine when doing a thoracic ext stretch

A

keep cspine in neutral bc will be easier to tolerate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

common duration/freq for PT in facet joint dysfunction

A

2x/wk for 4-6wks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

when is STM appropriate in facet joint dysfunction

A

if condition for long period of time, can get soft tissue changes
- areas of inc density and tenderness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

prognosis for facet joint dysfunction w treatment and what treatment is especially helpful

A

usually responds well to treatment

joint manips very helpful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are 3 causes of rib dysfunction

A

hypomobility
- costovertebral or costotransverse joints

ant subluxation
- blow to post chest wall
- prominence of rib ant and concavity post

post subluxation
- blunt trauma to ant chest wall
- prominence of rib post

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a common co-morbidity w rib dysfunction

A

facet joint dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

rib dysfunction: palpatory findings

A

might feel a “speed bump” on a rib instead of it being flat

costotransverse joint pain referral pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

rib dysfunction: MOI

A

prolonged sustained position
awkward mvmt
trauma
intense coughing/sneezing
repetitive mvmts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

rib dysfunction: pain presentation and aggravating factors

A

sharp pain
- localized over costotransverse area

aggravated by:
- breathing
- coughing
- sneezing
- laughing
- trunk mvmt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are 2 main clinical exam findings in rib dysfunction

A

altered breathing mechanics
- palpate for bucket handle motion

(+) rib springing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

rib dysfunction: 7 interventions

A

mobilization
- rib and adjacent hypo
ms energy
breathing patterns
strengthening
posture ed
STM
taping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is a contraindication to a rib springing test

A

fx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

rib fx: MOI

A

trauma (often younger pts)
minor trauma/cough w OP
- older pts, post menopause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the main sx of a rib fx

A

severe pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are 3 exam findings for a rib fx

A

TTP
altered breathing mechanics
(+) palpatory findings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the emphasis of management of a rib fx and what are 3 other interventions

A

rest

incentive spirometer
breathing exercises
may need rib protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

consideration of imaging use in suspected rib fx and what is the implicaiton for us

A

radiographs:
- often not seen unless rib is displaced (which is uncommon)

US - higher sensitivity for rib fx (even if non-displaced)

implication for us to treat pts as if have fx as imaging won’t show it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what pt population are rib stress injuries common in, why and which ribs

A

rowers, swimmers, baseball players

repeated high energy ms contractions

anterolateral ribs 5-9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what the most common clinical exam finding for rib stress injuries

A

point tenderness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are aggravating factors for rib stress injuries

A

rowing, breathing, rolling in bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

prognosis/recovery course for rib stress injuries

A

rest followed by gradual return to activity over 3-6wks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what intervention in rib stress injuries are especially important in stress injuries

A

biomechanical assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

imaging in rib stress injuries

A

radiography limited in early detection
MRI and US more dx useful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are 4 interventions for rib stress injury management

A

taping
soft tissue treatment
spine mob
biomechanical assess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what are examples of intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors to consider with rib stress injuries

A

reduced bone density
amenorrhea in female athlete
training errors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what will show up on an imaging which indicates a rib stress injury

A

bone marrow edema and a site of cortical disruption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what are 7 MOI/risk factors for 1st rib dysfunction

A

trauma (ie MVA, collision)
repetitive overuse UE
poor breathing pattern
- upper chest breather
tight scalenes
prone rotation sleeper
TOS
postural
- sloped shoulders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is a consideration of a (+) palpatory test if you suspect first rib dysfunction

A

palpation pain is not always most reliable
- upper trap overlies it and often tender anyway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

exam findings for first rib dysfunction

A

(+) palpation/mob tests
- limited mob/elevation
-> c/t/shoulder girdle pain
(+) cervical rotation/lat flex test
tight scalenes
(+) ULTT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what are the 3 compartments of the thoracic outlet

A

costoclavicular space (CC)
interscalene traingle (IT)
retropectoralis minor space (RP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what compartment does the brachial plexus emerge from in the thoracic outlet and what is the implication of this location

A

interscalene triangle
- tight middle and posterior scalene ms can compress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what compartment in the thoracic outlet does the brachial plexus, subclavian a. and v. all sit in and what is the implication of this location

A

costoclavicular space

tight ant scalene can compress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

4 interventions for first rib dysfunction

A

mobilization (tspine, rib)
stretch tight mm (pecs)
strengthen scap ms
correct breathing patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

how do you correct breathing patterns to manage first rib dysfunction

A

dec apical breathing
instruct diaphragmatic breathing technique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

how common in symptomatic thoracic disc herniation and where are disc herniations more likely

A

rare
- thoracic herniations are rare in general bc flatter discs, seen more in cervical and lumbar

tend to be in lower thoracic spine if anything bc of inc loads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

pain presentation for a thoracic disc herniation

A

variable
- dull and local to spine
- can be referred to abdomen, ant chest, inguinal area
- radiculopathies
- dermatome distribution in bands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what is an important concern w a thoracic disc herniation

A

critical vascular zone in T4-9
- not a lot of extra space for forgiveness
- can compress blood supply to and from spine -> get lots of neuro signs w myelopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what are signs of spinal cord compression from a thoracic disc herniation

A

(B) lower limb weakness and sensory loss, loss of sphincter control and gait disturbance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

thoracic disc herniation MOI

A

traumatic
insidious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

thoracic disc herniation: common aggravating and relieving factors

A

aggravate - more pain w flex
relieve - better w ext

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

why are thoracic disc herniations less common than in other parts of the spine

A

discs are smaller and thinner
vertebral bodies don’t move as much bc of rib attachments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

thoracic disc herniation: exam findings

A

poor posture
limited AROM
(+) repeated mvmt
(+) neuro exam
compress/distract test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

6 interventions for thoracic disc herniation management

A

posture correction
scap/back ext strength
joint mob
ROM
stretching
HEP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

what is the most common fx in pts w OP

A

vertebral compression fx (VCF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

where are VCFs most common

A

T8-L4
- lower T and upper lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

what is the prevalence and recurrence of VCFs

A

women:
26% at 50yo -> 50% at 80yo

people w 1 OP VCF are 5xs more likely to sustain a second VCF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

what is the definition of a VCF

A

loss of height in ant, middle, or posterior dimension of vertebral body that exceeds 20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

what are the 2 main types of VCFs and which is more common

A

wedge compression **
- ant part of body is crushed, forming an ant wedge fx

burst
- entire vertebral body breaks
- usually from trauma (ie falls from a height w compression)

55
Q

risk factors for VCF (11)

A

osteopenia, OP
women >50, men >70
hx of VCFs or falls
sedentary/inactive lifestyle
use of corticosteroids >3mo
thinner and lower BMI
female
F > 2 drinks/day, M > 3 drinks/day
smokers
vit D deficiency
depression

56
Q

what are the 5 clinical features that were useful in predicting a VCF

A
  1. age >50yo
  2. female
  3. major trauma
  4. pain and tenderness
  5. distracting painful injury
    - if more painful injury somewhere else in the body, can distract from vertebral compression fx
57
Q

if asymptomatic what is clinical evidence to suggest VCF

A

significant hx height loss (>2’’)
prospective height loss
unable to flex (wedge)
- wall-to-occiput distance
- rib-pelvis distance

58
Q

VCF: pain presentation, aggravating factors

A

acute fx: abrupt onset of pain w position changes, coughing, sneezing, or lifting
mid or low back pain
usually no leg pain

inc w walking, standing
- will inc w any mvmt as pain levels are high

59
Q

VCF: exam findings

A

posture - may be kyphotic
thoracic ROM painful
- flex worse (compresses ant)
TTP affected vertebrae
neuro exam
dec function

60
Q

dx a VCF

A

radiograph
MRI/CT

dual-energy XR
- should be performed soon after dx of VCF to eval for OP and determine dz severity

61
Q

systemic treatment for OP in tspine

A

bracing
medical:
- vertebroplasty
- kyphoplasty
pharm therapy
- biphosphonates
- anti-resorptive
- parathyroid hormone
- combo therapy
- analgesic med for fx pain

62
Q

what is the goal of rehab for someone w VCF / OP

A

“successful aging”
dec pain, able to return to activity quicker

63
Q

what are 5 strategies to manage OP in VCF

A

prevent further bone density loss
posture, body mechanics
- back ext strength
caution flex and ext
- extremes of motion
dec fall risk (fx prevention)
balance program

64
Q

what are 4 components of OP prevention

A

lifestyle
- vit D and calcium supplements
exercise
- multimodal, wt bearing
pharm
falls prevention - TUG

65
Q

5 exercise interventions for OP management

A

strength progressive resistance / power training (prevents falls)
balance
posture
aerobic
- want it to be loading the bones
safe mvmt/ spine sparing

66
Q

what are safe mvmt/ spine sparing strategies in OP treatment

A

ed - body mechanics, avoid flex
caution end ROM
attend to posture during mvmt
train back ext ms to inc endurance
stretch ms restricting optimal posture

67
Q

what is a vertebroplasty

A

procedure in which bone cement injected into fx or weakened vertbra in order to repair and strengthen it
- augmenting the vertebral body

use of MRI sagittal views for surgical planning

68
Q

what is a kyphoplasty

A

surgical filling of injured/collapsed vertebra to restore original shape and configuration, and relieves pain from spinal compression

restores vertebral body height and dec kyphotic angulation

better outcomes bc dec sx allowing for better participation as pain is main limiting factor

69
Q

what patients are appropriate for surgical interventions after a VCF (3)

A

unable to amb after 24hrs treatment
pain intense enough to prevent participation in PT
adverse effects from analgesics

70
Q

what is scoliosis

A

lateral curvature of spine >10deg which may be accompanied by vertebral rotation

71
Q

what is adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

A

dx occurs at 10-18yo in absence of underlying congenital or neurological issue

72
Q

how is scoliosis named

A

location and side of convexity
ex: R thoracic scoliosis

73
Q

what is the most common type of scoliosis

A

idiopathic (85%)

74
Q

how does the course of scoliosis vary in girls

A

more likely to have progressively larger scoliotic curve that will require treatment

75
Q

how commonly will medical treatment/intervention be needed in scoliosis

A

10% of cases

76
Q

what are the 3 types of idiopathic scoliosis

A
77
Q

what are the 3 types of idiopathic scoliosis

A

infantile - <3yo
juvenile - 4-10yo
adolescent - 11-18

78
Q

what are 4 non-idiopathic types of scoliosis

A

congenital
- present at birth, ribs or spine don’t form properly

NM
- nervous system dz like CP, MD, spina bifida, and polio

functional
- non-structural, can move out of it

older adults
- degenerative (de novo) scoliosis
- women w OP

79
Q

what is the prevalence in girls vs body depending on concavity of curve in scoliosis

A

<10 deg
- girls and boys affected equally

> 30deg
- girls 10xs more commonly affected

80
Q

what are 3 risk factors for scoliosis curve progression

A

large curve magnitude
- if bigger when first dx, then more likely for it to progress

skeletal immaturity
- still growing

female

81
Q

how is scoliosis commonly detected

A

during recommended screenings in adolescence

AAOS: F 11-13yo, M 13-14yo
AAP: 10,12,14, and 16yo

82
Q

what does the Cobb angle tell you and how do we measure it

A

amt of SBing present

take vertebrae and top and bottom of curve that are most angled and measure the angle between the two

83
Q

how does the SBing seen in scoliosis impact the positioning of pt’s ribs

A

common to see rotation with SBing

vertebrae rotates toward convex side of curve
-> get prominent ribs on that side and hollowing of ribs on concave side

84
Q

what is the purpose of the Risser Stages and what are they correlated with

A

gives an estimate of how much skeletal growth remains by grading the progress of bony fusion of the iliac apophysis

correlated w curve progression

85
Q

what are the Risser Stages

A

Grade 0 or 1 - still a lot of growth

1 - 25% ossification
2 - 50%
3 - 75%
4 - complete excursion of ossified apophysis
5 - complete fusion

Grade 5 - no longer growing

86
Q

what is the common complaints from the pt when first dx w scoliosis

A

often no complaint of pain or functional limitation

87
Q

what is the goal of PT in scoliosis

A

restore ms balance and promote good posutre

88
Q

why are pts often seen in PT in later years of scoliosis

A

discomfort d/t ms imbalance and adaptive shortening associated w scoliosis

89
Q

what is the main examination tool used in measuring/screening for scoliosis

A

adam’s test w scoliometer
- if fixed deformity, ribs will be more prominent on one side and can be measured

90
Q

what are 8 components of the clinical exam for scoliosis

A
  1. posture
  2. adam’s test
  3. ROM
  4. strength
    - hip, lumbar, abs, flexor ms
  5. joint play
  6. flexibility
  7. leg length
  8. respiratory function
91
Q

why is it important to have good hip flexor flexibility if dx w scoliosis

A

brace might put pelvis in post tilt

may have to compensate w leaning forward or flexing knees if not flexible

92
Q

guidelines for interventions in idiopathic scoliosis where curve is growing

A

10-25deg - monitor
25-45deg - brace
>45deg - surgery

Pt might not be recommended in all stages

93
Q

guidelines for interventions in idiopathic scoliosis if skeletally mature

A

<45deg - monitor
>45-50deg - surgery

94
Q

how does an orthotic intervention for scoliosis work

A

3 points of fixation to create unbending moment in curve
- 1 above
- 1 below
- 1 at apex of curve

worn up to 23 hrs a day

95
Q

what is a Milkwaukee Brace, who is appropriate

A

cervical-thoracic-lumbar-sacral- orthosis (CTLSO)

bending moment at vertex of curve
distraction force on spine by virtue of being anchored at chin/pelvis

more severe and higher level curves
- don’t see much anymore as often opt for lower profile braces

96
Q

what is a Boston Brace

A

lower profile thermoplastic molded thoracic-lumbar-sacral orthoses (TLSO)

97
Q

what is a Providence brace, who is appropriate

A

brace shaped to overcorrect the curve

only worn when pt is sleeping

good for pts w lower level, less severe curve

98
Q

what is a spine cor, and what are the pros/cons

A

non rigid TLSO, “dynamic”

made up of series of elastic bands and pelvic girdle and is worn 20 hrs/day w 2 separate 2hr rest periods out of brace

pro - less restricting
con - more complicated than rigid TLSOs

99
Q

what is a rigo chêneau brace

A

3D scan or handmade cast

de-torsional forces and 3-point pressure systems to improve spinal alignment in all 3 planes

100
Q

what are 6 components to PT interventions for scoliosis

A
  1. posture
  2. education
  3. breathing exercises
  4. strengthening
    - convex side ms (spine, hip ABD)
  5. stretching
    - concave side ms, lengthen
  6. sports
    - anything promoting good posture and lengthening
    - swimming is great, dancing, running
101
Q

what are scoliosis-specific exercises

A

individually adapted exercises taught to pt in center totally dedicated to scoliosis treatment
- more intense approach to exercise for scoliosis

102
Q

what are 3 goals of scoliosis-specific exercises

A
  1. limit or stop scoliosis progression
  2. improve physical functioning
  3. dec scoliosis pts disability and avoiding more invasive methods of treatment such as bracing
103
Q

what is the Schroth Method

A

intensive IP PT protocol 5-6hrs/day 6x/wk for 4-6wks, followed by HEP 30min/day

exercises work to correct scoliotic posture
- elongation, realignment of trunk
- use of specific breathing patterns w various forms of feedback (ie tactile, mirror, etc.)

  • often clinics do a modified schroth method bc more feasible
104
Q

what does literature say about the use of the Schroth method

A

more effective than less intense typical ther-ex

has to be done every day, if not done consistently then won’t have benefits

105
Q

what is the gold standard of surgical interventions for scoliosis

A

fuse spine and individual vertebral segments w use of metal rods to stabilize

106
Q

what is the point of a vertebral body tethering surgical intervention in scoliosis

A

designed to allow growth and some correction of curve as individual grows
- doesn’t require fusing

107
Q

why is posture education w mirror feedback a necessary PT intervention in scoliosis

A

w scoliosis, shifted posture begins to feel like normal posture
- need to reorient

108
Q

what is Scheuermann’s disease

A

scheuermann thoracic kyphosis (scheuermann dz) is a structural deformity of tspine, defined by ant wedging of at least 5deg of 3 or more adjacent thoracic vertebral bodies

spinal osteochrondritis - uneven growth results in signature “wedging” shape of vertebrae -» causing kyphosis

109
Q

sheuermann’s dz: age of onset, etiology, most commonly impacted vertebrae

A

adolescents - 11-17yo
(juvenile kyphosis)

autosomal dominant
- gene unknown

T7 and T10

110
Q

clinical presentation of scheuermann’s dz

A

presents w acute inc in kyphosis
- progressively worsening in months

pain in lower thoracic region associated w cord compression
- usually don’t have cord compression

111
Q

how is scheuermann’s dz dx

A

with lateral radiographs
- see Schmorl nodes (intervertebral disc herniations thru vertebral body endplate and the adjacent vertebrae)
- vertebral endplate narrowing

112
Q

what is the dx criteria for scheuermann’s dz

A

rigid hyperkyphosis, >40deg
- norm: 25-40deg
ant wedging, >/= 5deg in 3+ adjacent vertebral bodies

113
Q

what are the guidelines for management of someone w scheuermann’s dz

A

based on severity of curve
<50deg = conservative
- stretching, postural changes
50-75deg = extension bracing
>75deg = surgery/operative treatment considered

114
Q

what are 5 PT exam components for Scheuermann’s dz

A

posture
ROM
trunk and LE flexibility
trunk ext & ab mm strength/endurance
breathing pattern

115
Q

what are 4 PT interventions for Scheuermann’s dz

A

pt ed to improve posture aware
back ext and ab strength
ROM and flexibility
breathing exercises

116
Q

what is ankylosing spondylitis

A

rheumatological condition affecting spine, SIJ, costovertebral
-> leads to stiffening in pain in younger people (unusual finding at that age)

117
Q

etiology of ankylosing spondylitis

A

HLA B27 is the antigen present in AS
- not everyone w AS will have this antigen

118
Q

what is an important PT exam component in AS

A

chest expansion

119
Q

what are 4 PT interventions for AS

A

inc mob
improve posture
inspiratory ms training
aerobic exercise

120
Q

what is a consideration of when PT is appropriate for someone w AS

A

don’t treat during acute flare up
usually treat during recovery phase

121
Q

what is costochondritis and how is it caused

A

pain and inflammation of costochondral junctions of ribs or sternocostal joints, usually at multiple levels

can be gradual onset
can be after a collision

122
Q

what are exam findings in costochondritis

A

pain and tenderness localized to costochondral or costosternal joints on the ant chest wall

122
Q

what are exam findings in costochondritis

A

pain and tenderness localized to costochondral or costosternal joints on the ant chest wall

123
Q

s/sx of costochondritis and why

A

pain w deep breathing
pain w horizontal ABD/ADD
- ADD = compression
- ABD = stretching joints

people might think they have a heart attack or fx

124
Q

PT management of costochondritis (4 interventions)

A

manual therapy
- rib mob
- joints above and below
- spinal mobility
breathing exercises
IASTIM
taping

125
Q

what is a non-PT option for costochondritis management

A

injection

126
Q

what is T4 syndrome

A

sympathetic reaction to a hypomobile segment
- doesn’t have to be T4, anything from T3-7

SNS may provide pathway for referral from tspine to head and arms

127
Q

s/sx of t4 syndrome

A

pain, paresthesia, numbness
- in glove-like distribution

128
Q

what are clinical findings for T4 syndrome

A

local tenderness
(+) neural tension tests
local segmental hypo (T2-7)
grip weakness

129
Q

what are differential dx for T4 syndrome

A

TOS
CTS
cervical disc dz
neurologic dz
paget-schroetter syndrome
parsonage turner syndrome

130
Q

what is paget schroetter syndrome

A

effort thrombosis
axillary-subclavian v thrombosis

associated w strenuous and repetitive activity of UEs

131
Q

what is parsonage turner syndrome

A

brachial neuritis

neurological disorder characterized by sudden, excruciating pain in shoulder, followed by severe weakness

132
Q

what is PT management of T4 syndrome

A

treat impairments (duh)
- mob/manip involved segment
- exercise progression
- breathing mechanics
- strengthen weak ms (scap)

MSK 2 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions