2b. Glacial landforms are interrelated & from glacial landscapes

Question 1

CASE STUDY: landscape associated with valley glaciers?

Answer 1

Lake District

Question 2

Lake District: location?

Answer 2

upland landscape in Cumbria, NW England

Question 3

Lake District: Geology - what are the 3 main rock types?

Answer 3

• Skiddaw slates
• Borrowdale volcanic
• Windermere series

Question 4

Lake District: Geology - what are the Skiddaw slates rock?

Answer 4

• oldest rock in Lake District
• formed as black muds & sands on sea bed

Question 5

Lake District: Geology - what are the Borrowdale volcanic rock?

Answer 5

• hard lava & ash
• make up highest mountains like Scaffell and Helvellyn

Question 6

Lake District: Geology - what are the Windermere series rock?

Answer 6

• made up of sandstone, limestone etc.

Question 7

Lake District: erosional landforms?

Answer 7

Helvellyn mountain range contains corries which are responsible for creating…
- arete = Striding Edge
- tarn = Red Tarn
- ribbon lake = Ullswater (found in glacial trough)

Question 8

Lake District: depositional landforms?

Answer 8

• morraine = Langstrath valley (lateral morraine)
• drumlin swarms = South of Kendal
• erratics = transported from Shap

Question 9

Lake District: how are the landforms interrelated?

Answer 9

• Formation of corries (erosional landform) are responsible for formation of ALL Helvellyn landforms: arete, tarn
• material from formation of erosional landforms creates depositional landforms: erratic, moraine, drumlin

Question 10

Lake District: how can the landscape change in seconds?

Answer 10

• rockfalls
• mudslides (take a long time to build up but quick to release)

Question 11

Lake District: how can the landscape change over a millennia?

Answer 11

• landforms from erosional processes (eg. abrasion)
• large bodies of water from precipitation
• different rock types introduced

Question 12

CASE STUDY: landscape associated with ice sheet?

Answer 12

Minnesota

Question 13

Minnesota: what was the name of the ice sheet? How long ago was this?

Answer 13

• Laurentide Ice Sheet
• 750,000 yaers ago

Question 14

Minnesota: glacial activity?

Answer 14

• Laurentide ice sheet advanced and retreated many times
• lobes spread from the ice sheet, transporting/depositing different materials

Question 15

Minnesota: geology - what are the main two rock types? When did they form?

Answer 15

• belts of volcanic & sedimentary rocks
• formed 2700 million years ago when lava escaped through rifts

Question 16

Minnesota: erosional impacts of ice sheet?

Answer 16

• lobes had massive impact
• high mountains worn down
• striations in rocks from material held in advancing lobes
• ellipsoidal basin formed

Question 17

Minnesota: what were the names of the three main lobes?

Answer 17

• Wadena lobe
• Des Moines lobe
• Rainy & Superior lobes

Question 18

Minnesota: depositional impacts - Wadena lobe

Answer 18

• advanced from N
• deposits = red sandstone and shales till
• formed drumlins & moraine

Question 19

Minnesota: depositional impacts - Des Moines lobe

Answer 19

• advanced from NW
• deposits = tan/buff coloured, clay rich, calcareous till

Question 20

Minnesota: depositional impacts - Rainy & Superior lobes

Answer 20

• advanced from NE
• deposits = coarse textured till, fragments of basalt etc.

Question 21

Minnesota: how did the ice sheet create proglacial lakes?

Answer 21

ice sheet & lobes dammed natural drainage

Question 22

Minnesota: proglacial lake - what is the largest?

Answer 22

• Lake Agassiz
• as ice melted the lake developed
• 440,000 km2