2B Acids, Bases And Salts Flashcards
What is an acid
A Proton donor (H+ ion)
What is a strong acid
An acid which has fully dissociated in solution
What is a weak acid
An acid that has only partially dissociated in solution
What is a base
A proton acceptor
What is an alkali
A base that dissolves in water releasing OH- ions into the solution
Which hydroxides form alkaline solutions containing hydroxide ions and why?
Group 1 hydroxides, Ca(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, Ba(OH)2 and Sr(OH)2 because they are all soluble in water
Which metal oxides form alkaline solutions containing hydroxide ions
Group 1 metal Oxides, CaO and BaO
Acid + metal hydroxide
Salt + water
Acid + metal oxide
salt + water
Acid + metal carbonate
Salt + water + Carbon dioxide
Acid + metal
Salt + hydrogen
Acid + ammonia
Salt
What is the test for identifying halide salts?
Add silver nitrate, then dilute ammonia solution, then concentrated ammonia solution
Which halide forms a white precipitate when silver nitrate is added, and is soluble in both dilute and concentrated ammonia solution
Chloride
Which halide forms a cream precipitate when silver nitrate is added, and is only soluble in concentrated ammonia solution
Bromide
Which halide forms a yellow precipitate when silver nitrate is added and is not soluble in dilute or concentrated ammonia solution?
Iodide
What is the test for ammonium ions
Add Sodium hydroxide and heat - a foul smell, effervescence and litmus paper turns from red to blu as ammonia is alkaline when dissolved in water, hydroxide ions produced
What is the test for sulfate ions
Add a barium compound and a white precipitate forms
What is the test for carbonate ions
Add dilute nitric acid and effervescence is seen. Nitric acid is used as no precipitate forms which helps prevent false positives
Which order are the ion tests carried out in and why?
Always Carbonate, Sulfate, Halide to prevent false positives
