2A.2

Question 1

Cryosphere

Answer 1

Permanently frozen areas on Earth.

Question 2

Temperate glaciers

Answer 2

Warm based glaciers - water acts a lubricant and is found throughout ice mass. Ice can move freely and erode rock. Base of glacier about the same temperature as pressure melting point.
Move between 20-200m a year but in some cases up to 1km.

Question 3

Polar glaciers

Answer 3

Remains frozen at base. Base is colder than pressure melting point, little water and erosion. Advance only a few meters a year.

Question 4

Pressure melting point

Answer 4

The temperature at which ice is on the verge of melting.

Question 5

Polar regions

Answer 5

Areas of permanent ice, inside the 66.7 degree latitude of the Arctic and Antarctic circles.

Question 6

Periglacial Regions (tundra)

Answer 6

At the ‘edge’ of permanent ice. Characterised by permanently frozen ground (permafrost) and include large areas if Canada, Alaska, and Scandinavia.
Regions vary between area that are permanently frozen and those that thaw in summer.

Question 7

Alpine/mountain regions

Answer 7

High altitudes result in cold conditions. Alps, Rockies, Andes.

Question 8

Glacial Environments

Answer 8

Found at the edges of ice sheets and in the highest mountain regions.

Question 9

Continuous permafrost

Answer 9

Extends under all surfaces except large bodies of water in the area. E.G., Siberia

Question 10

Discontinuous permafrost

Answer 10

Broken up into separate areas.

Question 11

Does all permafrost melt in the summer?

Answer 11

Some permafrost in the shadows of mountains or in thick vegetation stays all year but in other areas, the sun thaws the permafrost for several weeks or months.

Question 12

Relict glacial landscape

Answer 12

A landscape that is not currently experiencing glacial activity but features glacial landforms due to past glaciations.

Question 13

Erosional Landforms

Answer 13

Corries
Aretes
Glacial Troughs
Roche Mountonnee
Crag and Tail
Knock and Loachan

Question 14

Depositional Landforms

Answer 14

Erratics
Moraines
Drumlins

Question 15

Meltwater evidence of glaciers

Answer 15

Ice dammed lakes
Meltwater channels
Glacial till
Eskers

Question 16

Corries

Answer 16

An enlarged, often deep, hollow on a mountainside. A steep cliff-like back wall, often with a large pile of scree as its base, usually a raised rock lip at the front of the hollow, which acts as a dam to trap water forming a small lake or tarn.

Question 17

Aretes

Answer 17

When two neighbouring glaciers cut back into a mountainside, creates a narrow, knife-edge ridge that forms between two corries.