2A - urban issues and challenges and sustainable living

Question 1

what is meant by urbanisation

Answer 1

This is an increase in the amount of people living in urban areas such as towns or cities.

Question 2

describe and explain the trend in urbanisation in LIC’S

Answer 2

LIC’s experience urbanisation at a faster rate due to rapid economic growth

Question 3

describe the trend in urbanisation in HIC’s

Answer 3

they experience urbanisation but at a slower rate compared to LIC’s

Question 4

what factors affect the rate of urbanisation

Answer 4

Push and pull factors

Question 5

what are some push factors for urbanisation

Answer 5

• natural disasters
• war and conflict
• mechanisation
• drought
• lack of employment

Question 6

what are the pull factors of urbanisation

Answer 6

• more jobs
• better education and housing
• better quality of life
• better healthcare
• following family members

Question 7

what is meant by urban - rural migration

Answer 7

the movement of people from rural to urban areas

Question 8

what is meant by natural increase

Answer 8

when the birth rate exceeds the death rate

Question 9

why is there an increase in birth rates

Answer 9

• high percentages of the population are at the age of being able to get pregnant
• lack of contraceptive methods leading to higher birth rates
• lack of family planning
• the need for more family members in LIC’s to gain more money via farming

Question 10

why is there a low death rate

Answer 10

• higher life expectancy due to better living conditions and diet
• improved medical facilities to lower mortality rate

Question 11

what is a mega city

Answer 11

An urban area with over 10 million people living there

Question 12

describe the distribution of megacities

Answer 12

• mainly in LIC’s and NIC’s such as in brazil and Nigeria
• megacities are predicted to go from 28 to 41 by 2030

Question 13

what are the features of a sustainable urban living (city features)

Answer 13

water conservation - reducing amount of water used
energy conservation - using less fossil fuels to reduce climate change
green space - improve places for people to live there
waste recycling - less fewer resources used

Question 14

methods for water conservation

Answer 14

Collecting rainwater for gardens and flushing toilets.
Installing water meters and toilets that flush less water.
Educating people on using less water.

Question 15

methods for energy conservation

Answer 15

Promoting renewable energy sources.
Making homes more energy efficient.
Encouraging people to use energy.

Question 16

methods and benefits for creating green spaces

Answer 16

Provide natural cooler areas for people to relax in.
Encourages people to exercise.
Reduces the risk of flooding from surface runoff.

Question 17

methods and benefits for waste recycling

Answer 17

Collection of household waste.
More local recycling facilities.
Greater awareness of the benefits in recycling.

Question 18

what are traffic congestion strategies

Answer 18

Widen roads to allow more traffic to flow easily.
Build ring roads and bypasses to keep through traffic out of city centres.
Introduce park and ride schemes to reduce car use.
Encourage car-sharing schemes in work places.
Have public transport, cycle lanes & cycle hire schemes.
Having congestion charges discourages drivers from entering the bus city centres.