2.a - Proteomics

Question 1

what is the genome

Answer 1

the complete set of DNA in an organism

Question 2

what is the proteome?

Answer 2

the complete set of proteins that can be expressed from an organism’s genome

Question 3

explain the difference in size between the genome and the proteome

Answer 3

the proteome is much larger than the genome because more than one protein can be produced from a single gene due to alternative RNA splicing

Question 4

describe the role of the genes which ARE expressed in a cell

Answer 4

produce the proteins characteristic for that type of cell

Question 5

what is the name given to the genes which are NOT expressed in a cell

Answer 5

non-coding RNA genes

Question 6

describe the role of the genes which ARE expressed in a cell

Answer 6

are transcribed but never translated. form tRNA, rRNA or RNA molecules that regulate transcription

Question 7

is the set of proteins expressed by a given cell type constant?

Answer 7

no. the set of proteins expressed by a given cell type can vary over time and under different conditions

Question 8

describe the factors affecting the set of proteins encoded by a given cell type

Answer 8

metabolic activity of the cell, cellular stress, response to signalling molecules, and diseased versus healthy cells