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Physics > 2a) Motion, Energy and Electricity > Flashcards

2a) Motion, Energy and Electricity Flashcards

0
Q

What does the gradient represent in a distance-time graph and a velocity-time graph?

A

In a distance-time graph, gradient means speed

In a velocity-time graph, gradient means acceleration

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1
Q

Define the difference between speed and velocity

A

Speed is how fast you’re travelling

Velocity is speed in a direction or with a vector

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2
Q

What is gravity?

A

The force of attraction between all masses

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3
Q

How do you work out weight using mass and gravitational field strength?

A

W=mxg

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4
Q

What is the resultant force?

A

Overall force of an object

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5
Q

If there is a resultant force acting on an object, what will happen to the object?

A

Object will change it’s state of rest or motion or change its velocity (acceleration)

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6
Q

What happens is the resultant force on a stationary object is zero?

A

Object will remain stationary

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7
Q

If there is no resultant force on a moving object, what will happen?

A

Object will keep moving in the same direction at the same velocity
No change in velocity

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8
Q

When two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are…..?

A

Equal and opposite

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9
Q

If an object has no force propelling it along, why would it slow down and stop?

A

Friction acts in the opposite direction to movement

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10
Q

How can you reduce drag or air resistance by changing the shape of a vehicle?

A

Streamlined

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11
Q

What happens to drag as speed increases?

A

Drag increases

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12
Q

What does the terminal velocity of falling objects depend on?

A

Their shape and area

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13
Q

What is stopping distance?

A

Distance covered in the time between the driver spotting a hazard and the vehicle coming to a complete stop
Sum of thinking distance and breaking distance

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14
Q

What things affect thinking distance?

A

How fast you’re going - faster speed = further distance
Brain state - affected by tiredness, drugs, alcohol, careless attitude
Bad visibility and distractions

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15
Q

What is thinking distance?

A

The distance the vehicle travels during the driver’s reaction time

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16
Q

What is braking distance?

A

The distance a car travels under the braking force

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17
Q

What is braking force affected by?

A

How fast you’re travelling - faster speed = further distance
Quality of brakes
Thickness of tyres - thicker tyres = better braking distance
Grip - affecting road surface, weather, tyres

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18
Q

What happens regarding forces when a force moves an object through a distance?

A

Energy is transferred

Work is done

19
Q

How do you calculate work done?

A

Force x distance

20
Q

What is gravitational potential energy?

A

Energy that an object has because of its vertical position in a gravitational field

21
Q

What two things does kinetic energy depend on?

A

Mass - more it weighs, faster speed, bigger kinetic energy

Speed - faster, bigger kinetic energy

22
Q

What does the conservation of energy state?

A

Energy can never be created it destroyed only converted into different forms

23
Q

When something falls, what is it’s potential energy converted into?

A

Kinetic energy

24
Q

What is an elastic object?

A

Any object that can go back to its original shape after a force has been removed

25
Q

What is extension measured in?

A

Metres

26
Q

What is elastic potential energy?

A

Potential energy stores in an elastic object which has had work done to change it’s shape

27
Q

What is power?

A

The rate of doing work or the time taken for energy to be transferred

28
Q

What is power measured in?

A

Watts (joules per second)

29
Q

What is current?

A

Rate of flow of electric charge around a circuit

30
Q

What is potential difference?

A

The driving force that pushes the current round

The work done (energy transferred) per coulomb of charge

31
Q

What is resistance?

A

Anything in a circuit which slows down the current

32
Q

What happens to resistance when temperature increases?

A

Resistance increases

33
Q

What is a diode made from?

A

Semiconductor material such as silicon

34
Q

What is a diode for?

A

Used to regulate potential difference in circuits

Lets current flow freely in one direction but not in the other
High resistance in reverse direction

35
Q

Why are LEDs better than normal lighting?

A

They use a much smaller current

36
Q

What does LED and LDR stand for)

A

Light Emitting Diode

Light Dependant Resistor

37
Q

What is an LDR

A

Resistor that is dependant on the intensity of light

Bright light - resistance falls
Darkness - high resistance

38
Q

What is a thermistor?

A

Temperature dependant resistor

Hot - resistance falls
Cold - high resistance

39
Q

In what type of circuit is the potential difference shared across the components?

A

Series circuit

V = v1 + v2 + …..

40
Q

In what type of circuit is the current the same everywhere?

A

Series circuit

41
Q

How do you work out the resistance in a series circuit?

A

Total resistance = sum of all the resistances

42
Q

If you add more bulbs to a series circuit what will happen to their light?

A

Light up less brightly than before

Because p.d is shared in series circuits

43
Q

In what type of circuit is the potential difference the same across all components?

A

Parallel circuits

44
Q

When something falls, what happens to it’s potential energy?

A

Converted into kinetic energy

Further it falls - faster it goes

45
Q

What is the limit of proportionality?

A

Maximum force that the elastic object can take and still extend proportionally

Physics (6 decks)

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