2a drugs Flashcards
1
Q
what kind of drug is alendronate
A
biphosphonate
2
Q
what does alendronate do
A
- inhibits RANK-L signalling to osteoclasts by osteoblasts
- therefore decreased bone resorption
3
Q
which conditions is alendronate used for
A
- osteoporosis
- bone malignancy
- multiple myeloma
- long term steroid use
4
Q
what kind of drug is atenolol
A
cardioselective beta blocker - it only inhibits B1 on the heart
5
Q
which conditions is atenolol used for
A
- angina
- ACS
- arrhytmias (AF & AFL)
6
Q
what kind of drug is atracurium
A
muscle relaxant - Ach M3 antagonist
7
Q
what does atracurium do
A
competitively binds to cholinergic muscarinic/ nicotinic receptors at nmj and inhibits ACH action
8
Q
where is atracurium used
A
in surgery as anaesthetic
9
Q
what kind of drug is bendroflumethiazide
A
thiazide diuretic
10
Q
what does bendroflumethiazide do
A
inhibits Na+ - Cl- co transporter in DCT
this increases urine output
11
Q
what is bendroflumethiazide used for
A
- hypertension
- oedema
( side effect of it is that it worsens blood sugars
12
Q
what kind of drug is cefuroxime
A
3rd generation cephalosporin
(B lactam antibiotic)
13
Q
which conditions is cefuroxime used for
A
- UTI’s (prostatitis & pyelonephritis)
- HAP
14
Q
what kind of drug is celecoxib
A
selective cox - 2 inhibitig NSAID
15
Q
what is celecoxib used for
A
pain relief in:
- ostoeporosis
- RA
- ankylosing spondylitis
16
Q
what is a side effect of celecoxib
A
dizziness
16
Q
what kind of drug is chloramphenicol
A
potent antibiotic
17
Q
what is chloramphenicl used for
A
in eye drops for eye infections
17
Q
what kind of drug is ciclosporin
A
calcineurin inhibitor
17
Q
what does ciclosporin do
A
causes immunosupression by inhibiting calcineurin which activates the T cell response
18
Q
what is a similar drug to ciclosporin
A
tacrolimus
19
Q
which conditions is ciclosporin used for
A
- RA
- psoriasis
- nephrotic syndrome
- Crohns
- dermatitis
- sicca (dry eyes)
20
Q
what kind of drug is ciprofloxacin
A
an antibiotic in the fluoroquinolone class
21
Q
what does ciprofloxacin do
A
used to treat many infections
it is a DNA gyrase and topoisomerase inhibitor
22
which conditions is ciprofloxacin used for
against gram negative bacteria
- e coli
- salmonella
- shigella
- neisseria
- psuedomonas
- campylobacter
- chlamdiya
used for UTIs and pneumonia
23
what kind of drug is co amoxiclav
combined amoxicillin + clavulanic acid
amoxicillin - B lactam inhibitor
clavulanic acid - B lactamase inhibitor
24
when is co amixoclav useful
for b lactamase producing bacterial strains where amoxicilline alone is not sufficient
25
which conditions is co amoxiclov used for
- sinusitis
- UTI
- skin infections
- joint infection
- dental infection
26
what kind of drug is diamorphine
opioid analgesic (heroin)
2x stronger than morphine
27
what is diamorphone used for
as an analgesia for pan releif
but cannot use long term
- tolerance
- dependence
- withdrawal
symptoms
28
what kind of drug is dalteparin
an LMWH
29
what does dalteparin do
inhibits antithrombin III
therefore is an anticoagulant
30
which conditions is dalteparin used for
- DVT
- PE
to prevent risk of MI/Stroke
31
what kind of drug is dobutamine
a B1 adrenergic agonist
positively inotropic
given IV only
32
which conditions is dobutamine used for
- cardiogenic shock
- severe heart failure
33
what kind of drug is doxazosin
alpha adrenergic antagonist - alpha blocker
34
similar drug to doxazosin
tamsulosin
35
which conditions is doxazosin used in
- hypertension
- phaeochromocytoma
- BPH
36
what does doxazosin do for BPH
relaxes detrusor muscle neck -> easily pee
37
what kind of drug is ephedrine
alpha and beta-adrenergic agonist
38
uses of ephedrine
- nose drops for nasal congestion
- prevents low bp during anaesthesia
- significant hypotension
39
where is ephedrine found
it is a stimulant naturally found in plants
40
what kind of drug is erythromycin
a macrolide antibiotic
41
what does erythromycin do
inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
42
similar drugs to erithromycin
clarithromycin + azithromycin
43
uses for erythromycin
- CAP
- Upper resp tract infection
- pertussis (whooping cough)
- diphtheria
44
what is clarithromycin first line for
aytpical cap
45
what is azithromycin first line for
chlamidya + gonorrhea
46
what kind of drug is ethinylestradoil
eostogen replacement (HRT)
47
what is eithinylestradiol used for
it treats post menopausally decreased oestrogen which can cause osteoporosis
48
what kind of drug is furosemide
a loop diuretic
( high doses can cause tinnitus
49
what does furosemide do
inhibits NKCC2 transporter in ascending loop of henle
50
what kind of drug is ipatropium bromide
SAM3A
51
what does ipotropium bromdie do
it is an inhaled M3 antagonist used to treat asthma
it causes bronchodilation
52
what is preffered over ipotropium bromide
SAB2A
53
what kind of drug is loperamide
antimotility agent
54
which conditions is loperamide used for
GI cases with severe diarrohea
- IBS-D
- IBD
55
what is loperamide counter indicated in
constipation
56
what kind of drug is metformin
a biguanide
57
what does metformin do
increases peripheral sensitivity to insulin
58
what is metformin used for
T2DM
59
side effects of metformin
GI upset + anorexia
60
what kind of drug is methotrexate
a DMARD - disease modifying anti rheumatic drug
61
which conditions is methotrexte used in
- RA
- psoriasis
- psoriatic arthritis
- reactive arthritis
62
what does methotrexate do
inhibits dihydrofolate reductase by inhibiting folate synthesis
63
what is methotrexate contraindicated in
pregnancy
64
similar drugs to methotrexate
trimethoprim / nitrofurantoin
65
what kind of drug is oxybutinin
anti muscarinic
66
what is oxybutinin used for
used to treat an overactive bladder
LUTS
- frequency + urgency
- incontinence - stress + urge
67
what kind of drug is paracetamol
mild analgesic
68
what is paracetamol used for
fever and mild/moderate pain
69
what can paracetamol overdose cause
it can be fatal - fulminant hepatitis
70
what kind of drug is ramipril
Ace - inhibitor
71
what does ramipril do
inhibuts angiotensin 1 -> angiotension 2 using ACE
therefore decreases aldosterone and ADH
72
what is ramipril used for
high blood pressure
73
side effects of ramipril
- hypokalaemia
- severe dehydraton
- AKI
- dry cough
74
what kind of drug is rifampicin
RNA polymerase inhibiting antibiotic
75
what is rifampacin used for
TB - for 6 months
76
side effects of rifampacin
red/orange coloured urine + tears
77
what kind of drug is rivaroxaban
DOAC- factor Xa inhibitor
78
what is rivaroxaban used for
prophylactically for DVT + PE
79
similar drug to rivaroxaban
apixaban
80
what kind of drug is salmeterol
LAB2A - inhaled b2 agonist
81
what is salmeterol used for
asthma - used later down the ladder of managemnt
82
brand name of sildenafil
viagra
83
what kind of drug is sildenafil
phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors
84
what does sildenafil do
it is a potent selective inhibitor of cGMP specific phospodiesterase type 5
85
what conditions is sildenafil used for
- erectile dysfunction
- pulmonary hypertension
86
what kind of drug is suxamethonium
neuromuscular function blocking agent
87
how does suxamethonium work
it is a very rapid axting 'depolarising type' neuromuscular function blocking agent
therefore temporarily paralysis inducing
88
what is suxamethonium used for
- general anaesthesia
- tracheal intubation
89
what kind of drug is tamsulosin
alpha blocker - inhibits alpha adrenergic receptors
90
what is tamsulosin for
- BPH - relaxes bladder neck
- control bp in hypertensive crisis
91
side effect of tamsulon
postural hypotension
92
what kind of drug is tramadol
synthetic opioid pain releiver
93
what is tramadol used for
moderate/severe pain
weaker than morphine but still acts on opioid receptors in CNS
94
what do SGLT 2 inhibitors do ?
95
what is a side effect of piozglitizone?
is fluid retention- worsens CHF
96
what does metformin do
This drug reduces gluconeogenesis and increases the peripheral insulin sensitivity.
It also acts to decrease the intestinal absorption of glucose.
97
SGLT 2 inhibitors
The sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 protein is found in the proximal tubules of the kidneys. It acts to reabsorb glucose from the urine back into the blood.
SGLT-2 inhibitors block the action of this protein, causing more glucose to be excreted in the urine.
Examples are empagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and ertugliflozin
98
what does pioglitizone do
It increases insulin sensitivity and decreases liver production of glucose
99
describe sulfonylurea
gliclazide is the most common sulfonylurea. Sulfonylureas stimulate insulin release from the pancreas.
100
DPP4 inhibitors
DPP-4 inhibitors block the action of DPP-4, allowing increased incretin activity. Examples of DPP-4 inhibitors are sitagliptin and alogliptin. They do not cause hypoglycaemia.
