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phase 2a drugs > 2a drugs > Flashcards

2a drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of drug is alendronate

A

biphosphonate

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2
Q

what does alendronate do

A
  1. inhibits RANK-L signalling to osteoclasts by osteoblasts
  2. therefore decreased bone resorption
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3
Q

which conditions is alendronate used for

A
  • osteoporosis
  • bone malignancy
  • multiple myeloma
  • long term steroid use
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4
Q

what kind of drug is atenolol

A

cardioselective beta blocker - it only inhibits B1 on the heart

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5
Q

which conditions is atenolol used for

A
  • angina
  • ACS
  • arrhytmias (AF & AFL)
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6
Q

what kind of drug is atracurium

A

muscle relaxant - Ach M3 antagonist

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7
Q

what does atracurium do

A

competitively binds to cholinergic muscarinic/ nicotinic receptors at nmj and inhibits ACH action

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8
Q

where is atracurium used

A

in surgery as anaesthetic

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9
Q

what kind of drug is bendroflumethiazide

A

thiazide diuretic

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10
Q

what does bendroflumethiazide do

A

inhibits Na+ - Cl- co transporter in DCT

this increases urine output

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11
Q

what is bendroflumethiazide used for

A
  • hypertension
  • oedema

( side effect of it is that it worsens blood sugars

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12
Q

what kind of drug is cefuroxime

A

3rd generation cephalosporin

(B lactam antibiotic)

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13
Q

which conditions is cefuroxime used for

A
  • UTI’s (prostatitis & pyelonephritis)
  • HAP
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14
Q

what kind of drug is celecoxib

A

selective cox - 2 inhibitig NSAID

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15
Q

what is celecoxib used for

A

pain relief in:

  • ostoeporosis
  • RA
  • ankylosing spondylitis
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16
Q

what is a side effect of celecoxib

A

dizziness

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16
Q

what kind of drug is chloramphenicol

A

potent antibiotic

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17
Q

what is chloramphenicl used for

A

in eye drops for eye infections

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17
Q

what kind of drug is ciclosporin

A

calcineurin inhibitor

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17
Q

what does ciclosporin do

A

causes immunosupression by inhibiting calcineurin which activates the T cell response

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18
Q

what is a similar drug to ciclosporin

A

tacrolimus

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19
Q

which conditions is ciclosporin used for

A
  • RA
  • psoriasis
  • nephrotic syndrome
  • Crohns
  • dermatitis
  • sicca (dry eyes)
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20
Q

what kind of drug is ciprofloxacin

A

an antibiotic in the fluoroquinolone class

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21
Q

what does ciprofloxacin do

A

used to treat many infections

it is a DNA gyrase and topoisomerase inhibitor

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22
Q

which conditions is ciprofloxacin used for

A

against gram negative bacteria

  • e coli
  • salmonella
  • shigella
  • neisseria
  • psuedomonas
  • campylobacter
  • chlamdiya

used for UTIs and pneumonia

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23
Q

what kind of drug is co amoxiclav

A

combined amoxicillin + clavulanic acid

amoxicillin - B lactam inhibitor

clavulanic acid - B lactamase inhibitor

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24
Q

when is co amixoclav useful

A

for b lactamase producing bacterial strains where amoxicilline alone is not sufficient

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25
Q

which conditions is co amoxiclov used for

A
  • sinusitis
  • UTI
  • skin infections
  • joint infection
  • dental infection
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26
Q

what kind of drug is diamorphine

A

opioid analgesic (heroin)

2x stronger than morphine

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27
Q

what is diamorphone used for

A

as an analgesia for pan releif

but cannot use long term
- tolerance
- dependence
- withdrawal
symptoms

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28
Q

what kind of drug is dalteparin

A

an LMWH

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29
Q

what does dalteparin do

A

inhibits antithrombin III

therefore is an anticoagulant

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30
Q

which conditions is dalteparin used for

A
  • DVT
  • PE
    to prevent risk of MI/Stroke
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31
Q

what kind of drug is dobutamine

A

a B1 adrenergic agonist

positively inotropic

given IV only

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32
Q

which conditions is dobutamine used for

A
  • cardiogenic shock
  • severe heart failure
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33
Q

what kind of drug is doxazosin

A

alpha adrenergic antagonist - alpha blocker

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34
Q

similar drug to doxazosin

A

tamsulosin

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35
Q

which conditions is doxazosin used in

A
  • hypertension
  • phaeochromocytoma
  • BPH
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36
Q

what does doxazosin do for BPH

A

relaxes detrusor muscle neck -> easily pee

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37
Q

what kind of drug is ephedrine

A

alpha and beta-adrenergic agonist

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38
Q

uses of ephedrine

A
  • nose drops for nasal congestion
  • prevents low bp during anaesthesia
  • significant hypotension
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39
Q

where is ephedrine found

A

it is a stimulant naturally found in plants

40
Q

what kind of drug is erythromycin

A

a macrolide antibiotic

41
Q

what does erythromycin do

A

inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

42
Q

similar drugs to erithromycin

A

clarithromycin + azithromycin

43
Q

uses for erythromycin

A
  • CAP
  • Upper resp tract infection
  • pertussis (whooping cough)
  • diphtheria
44
Q

what is clarithromycin first line for

A

aytpical cap

45
Q

what is azithromycin first line for

A

chlamidya + gonorrhea

46
Q

what kind of drug is ethinylestradoil

A

eostogen replacement (HRT)

47
Q

what is eithinylestradiol used for

A

it treats post menopausally decreased oestrogen which can cause osteoporosis

48
Q

what kind of drug is furosemide

A

a loop diuretic
( high doses can cause tinnitus

49
Q

what does furosemide do

A

inhibits NKCC2 transporter in ascending loop of henle

50
Q

what kind of drug is ipatropium bromide

A

SAM3A

51
Q

what does ipotropium bromdie do

A

it is an inhaled M3 antagonist used to treat asthma

it causes bronchodilation

52
Q

what is preffered over ipotropium bromide

A

SAB2A

53
Q

what kind of drug is loperamide

A

antimotility agent

54
Q

which conditions is loperamide used for

A

GI cases with severe diarrohea

  • IBS-D
  • IBD
55
Q

what is loperamide counter indicated in

A

constipation

56
Q

what kind of drug is metformin

A

a biguanide

57
Q

what does metformin do

A

increases peripheral sensitivity to insulin

58
Q

what is metformin used for

A

T2DM

59
Q

side effects of metformin

A

GI upset + anorexia

60
Q

what kind of drug is methotrexate

A

a DMARD - disease modifying anti rheumatic drug

61
Q

which conditions is methotrexte used in

A
  • RA
  • psoriasis
  • psoriatic arthritis
  • reactive arthritis
62
Q

what does methotrexate do

A

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase by inhibiting folate synthesis

63
Q

what is methotrexate contraindicated in

A

pregnancy

64
Q

similar drugs to methotrexate

A

trimethoprim / nitrofurantoin

65
Q

what kind of drug is oxybutinin

A

anti muscarinic

66
Q

what is oxybutinin used for

A

used to treat an overactive bladder

LUTS
- frequency + urgency
- incontinence - stress + urge

67
Q

what kind of drug is paracetamol

A

mild analgesic

68
Q

what is paracetamol used for

A

fever and mild/moderate pain

69
Q

what can paracetamol overdose cause

A

it can be fatal - fulminant hepatitis

70
Q

what kind of drug is ramipril

A

Ace - inhibitor

71
Q

what does ramipril do

A

inhibuts angiotensin 1 -> angiotension 2 using ACE

therefore decreases aldosterone and ADH

72
Q

what is ramipril used for

A

high blood pressure

73
Q

side effects of ramipril

A
  • hypokalaemia
  • severe dehydraton
  • AKI
  • dry cough
74
Q

what kind of drug is rifampicin

A

RNA polymerase inhibiting antibiotic

75
Q

what is rifampacin used for

A

TB - for 6 months

76
Q

side effects of rifampacin

A

red/orange coloured urine + tears

77
Q

what kind of drug is rivaroxaban

A

DOAC- factor Xa inhibitor

78
Q

what is rivaroxaban used for

A

prophylactically for DVT + PE

79
Q

similar drug to rivaroxaban

A

apixaban

80
Q

what kind of drug is salmeterol

A

LAB2A - inhaled b2 agonist

81
Q

what is salmeterol used for

A

asthma - used later down the ladder of managemnt

82
Q

brand name of sildenafil

A

viagra

83
Q

what kind of drug is sildenafil

A

phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors

84
Q

what does sildenafil do

A

it is a potent selective inhibitor of cGMP specific phospodiesterase type 5

85
Q

what conditions is sildenafil used for

A
  • erectile dysfunction
  • pulmonary hypertension
86
Q

what kind of drug is suxamethonium

A

neuromuscular function blocking agent

87
Q

how does suxamethonium work

A

it is a very rapid axting ‘depolarising type’ neuromuscular function blocking agent

therefore temporarily paralysis inducing

88
Q

what is suxamethonium used for

A
  • general anaesthesia
  • tracheal intubation
89
Q

what kind of drug is tamsulosin

A

alpha blocker - inhibits alpha adrenergic receptors

90
Q

what is tamsulosin for

A
  • BPH - relaxes bladder neck
  • control bp in hypertensive crisis
91
Q

side effect of tamsulon

A

postural hypotension

92
Q

what kind of drug is tramadol

A

synthetic opioid pain releiver

93
Q

what is tramadol used for

A

moderate/severe pain

weaker than morphine but still acts on opioid receptors in CNS

94
Q

what do SGLT 2 inhibitors do ?

A
95
Q

what is a side effect of piozglitizone?

A

is fluid retention- worsens CHF

96
Q

what does metformin do

A

This drug reduces gluconeogenesis and increases the peripheral insulin sensitivity.
It also acts to decrease the intestinal absorption of glucose.

97
Q

SGLT 2 inhibitors

A

The sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 protein is found in the proximal tubules of the kidneys. It acts to reabsorb glucose from the urine back into the blood.
SGLT-2 inhibitors block the action of this protein, causing more glucose to be excreted in the urine.
Examples are empagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and ertugliflozin

98
Q

what does pioglitizone do

A

It increases insulin sensitivity and decreases liver production of glucose

99
Q

describe sulfonylurea

A

gliclazide is the most common sulfonylurea. Sulfonylureas stimulate insulin release from the pancreas.

100
Q

DPP4 inhibitors

A

DPP-4 inhibitors block the action of DPP-4, allowing increased incretin activity. Examples of DPP-4 inhibitors are sitagliptin and alogliptin. They do not cause hypoglycaemia.

phase 2a drugs (1 decks)

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