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PHYSICS ADDITIONAL > 2a > Flashcards

2a Flashcards

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1
Q

Difference between Speed and Velocity

A

Speed is how fast your going with no regard for direction. Velocity however must also have the direction specified.

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2
Q

Distance-Time Graph equation

A

Speed= Distance x Time

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3
Q

Formula for Acceleration

A

Change in velocity / Time taken

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4
Q

Velocity-Time Graph, how to find Acceleration

A

Acceleration= gradient= vertical change/ horizontal change

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5
Q

Difference between Weight and Mass

A

Mass is just the amount of stuff, weight is caused by the pull of the gravitational force.

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6
Q

What is Mass measured in?

A

Kg

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7
Q

What is Weight measured in?

A

Newtons

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8
Q

Formula relating Mass, Weight and Gravity?

A

Weight= mass x gravitational field strength

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9
Q

Define resultant force

A

Overall force on a point or an object

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10
Q

How do you work out Resultant Force?

A

F=ma m=mass (kg) a=acceleration in metres per second squared F=the resultant force in Newtons (N)

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11
Q

What is Terminal Velocity?

A

When falling objects first set off, the force of gravity is much more than the frictional force slowing them down, so they accelerate. As the speed increases the friction builds up. This gradually reduces the acceleration until eventually the frictional force is equal to the accelerating force and then it won’t accelerate anymore. It will have reached its maximum speed or terminal velocity and will fall at a steady speed.

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12
Q

What two factors affect your stopping distance?

A

Thinking Distance and Braking Distance

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13
Q

What two things affect your Thinking Distance?

A

How fast your going, how dopey you are

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14
Q

What four things affect your Braking Distance?

A

How fast your going, how good your brakes are, how good the tyres are, how good the grip is

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15
Q

What is the formula for Work Done?

A

Work Done= Force x Distance

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16
Q

How do you work out somethings Gravitational Potential Energy?

A

= mass x g x height

g= gravitational field strength

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17
Q

How do you work out somethings Kinetic Energy?

A

= 1/2 x mass x speed squared

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18
Q

To stop a moving car, the energy is converted to…

A

heat energy as friction between the wheels and the brake pads, causing the temperature of the brakes to increase

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19
Q

Extension of an Elastic Object is Directly Proportional to Force, the equation is…

A

Force= k (the spring constant, N/m) x e (extension, m)

20
Q

What is the limit of proportionality in springs?

A

The maximum force that the elastic object can take and still extend proportionally

21
Q

What is the equation for Power?

A

Power= Work Done (or energy transferred) / Time taken

22
Q

What is power measured in?

A

Watts or J/s

23
Q

Equation for Momentum

A

Momentum (kgm/s) = Mass (kg) x Velocity (m/s)

24
Q

Name five ways cars are designed to increase safety

A

Brakes, crumple zones, side impact bars, seat belts and air bags

25
Q

What is the build-up of static caused by?

A

Friction

26
Q

Explain Static Electricity

A

When certain insulating materials are rubbed together, negatively charged electrons will be scraped off one and dumped on the other. This will leave a positive static charge on one and a negative static charge on the other. Which way the electrons are transferred depends on the two materials involved. Electrically charged objects attract small objects placed near them.

27
Q

Two things with opposite electric charges are…

A

Attracted

28
Q

Two things with the same electric charges will…

A

Repel each other

29
Q

An example of a good conductor

A

Metal

30
Q

What is Current?

A

The flow of electric charge round the circuit. Current will only flow through a component if there is potential difference across that component. Unit= amperes (A)

31
Q

What is Potential Difference?

A

The driving force that pushes the current round. Unit= volts (V)

32
Q

What is Resistance?

A

Anything in the circuit which slows the flow down. Unit=ohm (Ω)

33
Q

The greater the resistance across a component the what the current that flows?

A

Smaller

34
Q

What is the equation for Current?

A

Current (A) = Charge (C)/ Time (s)

35
Q

What is the equation for Potential Difference?

A

P.D. (V) = Work Done (J) / Charge (C)

36
Q

Main facts about an Ammeter

A

Measures the current, must be placed in series, can’t be put in parallel

37
Q

Main facts about an Voltmeter

A

Measures the potential difference across the component under test, must be placed in parallel around the component

38
Q

The current through a resistor is directly proportional

A

To potential difference

39
Q

As the temperature of a filament lamp increases the resistance…

A

Increases

40
Q

Current will only flow through a diode in…

A

One direction

41
Q

Does resistance increase or decrease with temperature?

A

Increase, when an electric charge flows through a resistor, some of the electrical energy is transferred to heat energy and the resistor gets hot. This heat energy causes the ions in the conductor to vibrate more. with the ions jiggling around its more difficult for the charge-carrying electrons to get through the resistor- the current can’t flow as easily and the resistance increases.

42
Q

What is the equation linking Potential Difference, Current and Resistance?

A

Potential Difference= Current x Resistance

43
Q

What does the resistance of a Thermistor do as the temperature increases?

A

Decreases

44
Q

Key features of Series Circuits

A

Potential Difference is shared, Current is the same everywhere, Resistance adds up (the bigger the resistance of a component, the bigger its share of the total P.D.) and Cell Voltages add up

45
Q

Key features of Parallel Circuits

A

Potential Difference is the same across all components, Current is shared between branches

PHYSICS ADDITIONAL (2 decks)

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