2A

Question 1

Manually Defined by the system administrator as the only path to the destination; they are useful for controlling security and reducing traffic.

Answer 1

Static Routes

Question 2

Are simple to configure and work well in environments where network traffic is relatively predictable and where network design is relatively simple.

Answer 2

Static Routes

Question 3

A special static route manually defined by the system administrator as the path to take when no route to destination is known.

Answer 3

Default Route

Question 4

A default route is often called what?

Answer 4

The Gateway of Last Resort

Question 5

A router to which all non-routable packets are sent?

Answer 5

The Gateway of Last Resort

Question 6

A network layer protocol that exchanges information packets with other internetwork routers in order to Build and Maintain a routing table.

Answer 6

Dynamically Learned Routes

Question 7

The most dominantly used routing algorithms used today are?

Answer 7

RIP, IGRP, OSPF, EIGRP, and BGP

They are popular since the y adjust to changing network circumstances.

Question 8

The most common routing metric is what?

Answer 8

Path Length aka Hop Count

Question 9

Refers to the dependability of each network link

Answer 9

Reliability

Question 10

Refers to the length of time required to move a packet from source to destination to internetwork.

Answer 10

Delay

Question 11

Refers to the available traffic capacity of a link.

Answer 11

Bandwidth

Question 12

Refers to the degree to which a network resource, such as a router, is busy.

Answer 12

Load

Question 13

An example would be sending packets over their own lines rather than through the public lines that cost money for usage time.

Answer 13

Communication Cost

Question 14

Support multiple paths to the same destination by load balancing or load sharing

Answer 14

Multi-Path Algorithms

Question 15

They provide substantially better throughput, reliability, and shorter convergence times

Answer 15

Multi-Path Algorithms

Question 16

The routers are peers for all others.

Answer 16

Flat Algorithms

Question 17

Operates in a flat address space, where all routers in a domain must use the same subnet mask, sometimes referred to as Glassful routing.

Answer 17

Flat Algorithms

Question 18

This structure is called Classless routing and supports Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSM)

Answer 18

Hierarchical Algorithms

Question 19

Used with Interior Gateway Protocols, they are used to exchange routing information within an Autonomous System or routing domain. Examples are RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF, and IS-IS

Answer 19

Intra-domain algorithms

Question 20

Are used with Exterior Gateway Protocols, and exchange routing information within and between Autonomous systems such as the Internet.

Answer 20

Inter-domain algorithms

Question 21

An approach that determines the direction and distance to any link in the internetwork. Also known as Glassful

Answer 21

Distance Vector algorithms

Question 22

This form of routing update is often called “routing by rumor” since the routers don’t know where the information originally came from.

Answer 22

Distance Vector Algorithms

Question 23

Build a complete topological map of the entire area in memory, which allows them to see the entire path to the destination network ensuring the path is valid and is the best path available.

Answer 23

Link State Algorithms

They use multicast link-state advertisements to notify other routers in the routing area

Question 24

What are the three classes of routing protocols?

Answer 24

Distance Vector, Link State, and Balanced Hybrid

Question 25

Relatively simple and easy to configure and very reliable

Answer 25

Distance Vector Protocols

Question 26

Is considered a pure distance vector routing protocol

Answer 26

Routing information protocol (RIP) Uses a hop count metric to indicate distance and a destination

Question 27

Was developed as a Cisco proprietary protocol and is only available on Cisco devices. Limited by Hop Count and uses an autonomous system number to only share routing information with other routers that are configured with the same number.

Answer 27

Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)

Question 28

Created in the 1980s as a solution to RIPs inability to handle routing in large, diverse networks. Its a link state routing protocol that only sends information which describes the state of its own links to all the routers within the same hierarchical area.

Answer 28

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

Question 29

Occurs when the source and destination are in the same area.

Answer 29

Intra-area

Question 30

Occurs when the source and destination are in different areas.

Answer 30

Inter-area

Question 31

Routers with multiple interfaces can participate in multiple areas.

Answer 31

These routers are called Area Border Routers and maintain separate topological databases for each area.

Question 32

In OSPF its responsible for distributing routing information between areas

Answer 32

Backbone

Question 33

After a router is powered up and assured that its interfaces are functioning, it uses OSPF Hello Protocol to acquire neighbors, which are routers with interfaces to a common network.

Answer 33

OSPF Initialization

Question 34

When a router discovers a new neighbor, it records the neighbors address and interface as an entry.

Answer 34

Neighborship Database

Question 35

Essentially an overall picture of networks in relationship to routers. Contains the collection of Link State Advertisements received from all routers in the same area.

Answer 35

Topological Database

Question 36

The exchange of the Hello Protocol allows the election of a?

Answer 36

Designated Router and backup designated router

Question 37

Responsible for generating Link State Advertisements for the entire area so only one router is responsible for sending multicast updates.

Answer 37

Designated Router

Question 38

This algorithm uses the information from the topological database to calculate entries for insertion into the routing table.

Answer 38

SPF Algorithm

Question 39

It maintains copies of its neighbors routing tables and uses the distance vectors to determine the best paths to destination networks, but resembles link-state protocols in the way it uses topology changes only to trigger link state updates by using multicast messages.

Answer 39

EIGRP

Question 40

Each source of routing information, therefore, has an attached measure of its trustworthiness called?

Answer 40

Administrative Distance The lower the distance the more trustworthy

Question 41

The primary function is to exchange routing information between autonomous systems while guaranteeing loop-free path selection.

Answer 41

Border Gateway Protocol

Question 42

Advanced distance vector protocol, capable of detecting routing loops and uses many route parameters, called attributes or path vectors, to define routing policies and maintain a stable routing environment.

Answer 42

BGP

Question 43

Does not contain any mechanism for automatic neighbor discovery

Answer 43

BGP

Question 44

Provide basic traffic management capabilities and can be configured for all routes network protocols.

Answer 44

Access Control Lists

Question 45

Filter network traffic by controlling whether routed packets are forwarded or dropped, based on the criteria you specify.

Answer 45

Access Control List

Question 46

Provide a basic level of security for access your network.

Answer 46

Access Lists

Question 47

What are the two types of Access Lists

Answer 47

Standard and Extended

Question 48

Normally permit or deny the entire protocol suite for any packet coming through the router.

Answer 48

Standard Access Lists

Question 49

Check both the source and destination addresses as well as specific protocols within the protocol suite and port numbers being used.

Answer 49

Extended Access Lists

Question 50

How do you create Access Lists?

Answer 50

First step is to create an access list criteria statement or statements, and the second step is to apply the access list to an interface or terminal connection.

Question 51

Access List Standard Number Range?

Answer 51

1-99

Question 52

Access List Extended Number Range

Answer 52

100-199

Question 53

Due to the implicit ____ _____ as the last access list test every list must have at least on permit statement.

Answer 53

"deny any"

Question 54

A wildcard mask bit 0 means?

Answer 54

Check the corresponding bit value in the IP address" for an exact match

Question 55

Wildcard mask bit 1 means?

Answer 55

Do not check the corresponding bit value in the IP address

Question 56

Inbound access list are processed?

Answer 56

Before Routing

Question 57

Outbound access lists are processed?

Answer 57

After Routing

Question 58

Places a standard or extended list to a specific router interface to filter traffic through the router interface.

Answer 58

Access-Group

Question 59

Places a standard access list on the virtual terminal lines of a router to prevent unauthorized access via telnet?

Answer 59

Access-Class