2_Nutrient Management Flashcards
ASSOCIATED READING. Animal Physiology, 4th edition. pg 445 - 448. Figure 16.15. The reading begins at the bottom right-hand corner of pg. 445 (Endocrine Control of Nutrient Metabolism in Mammals).
What are the three major classes of nutrients that animal cells require
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What is the most important hormone involved in managing short-term fluctuations of nutrient availability
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What two hormones are particularly important in nutrient metabolism
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What factors cause beta cells in the pancreas (within the islets of Langerhans) to increase their secretion of insulin?
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What happens to the glucose, fatty acids, amino acids circulating in the blood when insulin binds to its receptors
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What is the effect of insulin on energy storage – is it increased or decreased?
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What energy storage molecule is produced from glucose alone?
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What energy storage molecule may be produced from glucose OR fatty acids?
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What energy storage molecule may be produced from amino acids?
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In what way does insulin affect the enzymes that break down energy storage molecules?
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As digestion comes to an end, what happens to amount of circulating insulin?
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What is the relationship between the amount of circulating insulin and breakdown of glycogen and lipids?
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According to figure 16.15, panel (A), what happens to the amount of circulating insulin in response to a high-carbohydrate meal?
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What is the name of the hormone secreted by alpha cells in the pancreas?
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What are the main stimuli that cause release of glucagon into the blood?
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What is the main effect of glucagon?
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Glucagon stimulates liver cells to break down a molecule. What molecule? What is the name of this process?
After this breakdown process occurs, something is released into the blood. What is released into the blood?
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What effect does glucagon have on the metabolism of fats?
After this effect occurs, what is released into the blood?
A
Define gluconeogenesis
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In which organ does gluconeogenesis occur? What hormone stimulates this process?
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As blood glucose levels rise, what happens to glucagon secretion into the blood?
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If glucose and fatty acids levels in the blood are low, what hormone is secreted?
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See Figure 16.15 on page 447 – After a high-carbohydrate meal (the fed state), blood insulin levels rise/fall (choose one), and blood glucagon levels rise/fall (choose one).
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In between meals (the fasting state), insulin levels rise/fall (choose one), and blood glucagon levels rise/fall (choose one).
A
