29q-60q Flashcards
What is an uncomformity?
An entire layer is missing cause gaps in geological history.
What 3 thing can cause an uncomformity?
- lack of deposition
- layers form beneath water
- layers exposed to weathering and erosion
What is lithification? Name the steps of lithification.
The process in which sediment becomes sedimentary rock.
- erosion
- deposition
- compaction
- cements
What are agents of change?
gravity, water, wind, ice, people
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
heat and pressure
What is the principle of uniformitarianism?
geological processes that occur today, occurred the same way in the past.
What is a half life?
The time it takes for half a parent to decay into a daughter.
What is evolution?
Process in which organisms change over time.
Who was Charles Darwin?
A scientist who believed that more advantageous organisms would survive and reproduce.
Summarize the theory of natural selection.
- Organisms produce more offspring than can survive
- Variations exist within populations
- Some variations are better than other for survival and reproduction
- individuals with better variations will survive and reproduce
Fossils provide evidence of what?
landscape, climate, and animal changes
What does extinct mean?
no longer in existence
What is a variation?
A mutation in a gene or chromosome
What is an adaption?
something that helps an organism survive
Variations are the result of?
mutations in a gene or chromosome
Geologic time is organized into lengths of time based on?
Major events that happened during that time
What are structural adaptations?
an adaptation that requires and animal’s body part
What is protective colorization?
A colorization that allows an animal to blend into its environment
What is mimicry?
Allows an animal to look like something else to fool a predator
What are behavioral adaptations?
activities that help an organism survive
What is migration?
organisms moving from one area to another then back
What is hibernation?
a deep sleep used to conserve energy and lower blood pressure
What is the law of original horizontality?
all beds deposited in water are close to horizontal
What is the principle of inclusion?
If rock is found in another layer then it is older than that layer
What is the principle of cross-cutting?
Something that cuts through an object is younger than the object it cuts through
What era are we living in?
Cenozoic era
What does prehistoric mean?
Before record were kept
What does the prefix “bio” mean? Paleo?
living things, ancient things
What does the prefix “geo” mean? Archaeo?
Earth, before records were kept
What does “ologist” mean?
Person who studies
How does a favorable mutation help change the characteristics of a species?
The mutation will help it become more advantageous, then it will be passed on to the offspring.
