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GIGU - Week 4 (QUARANTINE) > 29- Pelvic Viscera #1 & #2 > Flashcards

29- Pelvic Viscera #1 & #2 Flashcards

1
Q

These muscular tubes are retroperitoneal organs. They are approximately 10” long and enter the pelvis minor by passing over the pelvic brim just anterior to the internal iliac vessels.

A

Ureters

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2
Q

In the male, the _______ _______ crosses the ureters. While in the female, the _______ _______ crosses over the ureter.

A

Ductus Deferens

Uterine A.

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3
Q

The ureters enter the wall of the ________ at its posterosuperior angle. In the male, this angle is immediately above the seminal vesicles and inferior to the ductus deferens.

A

Bladder

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4
Q

The intramural portion of the ureters, in the wall of the urinary bladder, forms a one-way flap _______ tat prevents retrograde flow of urine.

A

Valve

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5
Q

________ in the urethras moves urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

A

Peristalsis

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6
Q

The ureters are abundantly supplied with neurons that detect pain. These pain fibers reach the spinal ganglia and spinal cord levels ________. Pain from the ureters is referred ipsilaterally to the _______ _______ _______ and _______.

A

T10-L2
Lower Abdominal Quadrant
Groin

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7
Q

This sac is very distensible, containing three layers of smooth muscle in its walls. Its size, shape, position, and relationships vary with the amount of urine it contains.

A

Urinary Bladder

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8
Q

The mucosa of the urinary bladder is very loosely attached, except at the neck of the bladder in an area known as the ________.

A

Trigone

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9
Q

The sac of the urinary bladder is located in the anteroinferior part of the pelvis minor, below the peritoneum, resting on the pelvic diaphragm. As it fills, it ascends into the abdomen elevating its peritoneal covering with it. How could we obtain a urine sample because of this?

A

It’s possible to get a urine sample from a filled bladder by inserting a hypodermic needle just above the pubic symphysis in the midline (without entering abdominal cavity).

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10
Q

In the male, the superior surface of the urinary bladder is covered by peritoneum and the base is posterior. The base is separated from the rectum by what?

A

Vas Deferens

Seminal Vesicles

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11
Q

This is a peritoneal recess in males that partly separates the bladder from the rectum.

A

Rectovesical Pouch

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12
Q

In males, the apex of the bladder is anterior while the neck is where it junctions with the _______ and rests upon the _______ _______.

A

Urethra

Prostate Gland

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13
Q

In males, within the neck of the bladder there is an _______ _______ _______ composed of smooth muscle that guards the opening of the urethra called the _______ _______ _______. This prevents the retrograde flow of semen into the bladder during ejaculation.

A

Internal Urethral Sphincter
Internal Urethral Orifice

***Female bladder does NOT contain sphincter!

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14
Q

In females, what lies posterior and superior to the bladder?

A

Superior = Body and Fundus of Uterus

Posterior = Vagina and Uterine Cervix

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15
Q

In females, a peritoneal pouch called the ________ ________ is located between the superior surface of the bladder and the uterus.

A

Vesicouterine Pouch

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16
Q

In females, the neck of the bladder is held in position by what ligaments?

A

Pubovesical Ligaments

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17
Q

In males, the neck of the bladder is held in position by what ligaments?

A

Puboprostatic Ligaments

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18
Q

The lateral surfaces of the bladder are surrounded by the vesical fascia, which contains the…

A

Vesical Venous Plexus

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19
Q

In males, what is included in the trigone area of the bladder?

A

Internal Urethral Orifice

Two Ureteric Orifices

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20
Q

What are the four parts of the male urethra?

A

1) Intramural portion in bladder wall
2) Prostatic urethra
3) Membranous urethra
4) Spongy (penile) urethra

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21
Q

The male urethra has four parts and totals 6-8 inches in length. This part is common to both males and females and passes through the bladder wall.

A

Intramural Portion

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22
Q

In males, the intramural portion contains what?

A

Internal Urethral Sphincter

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23
Q

The second part of the male urethra is approximately 1 inch long and passes through the _______ _______.

A

Prostate Gland

***Called the Prostatic Urethra

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24
Q

The Prostatic Urethra is the widest and most dilatable portion of the entire urethra. On the posterior wall is a longitudinal ridge called the _______ _______. On each side of this ridge is a groove called the _______ ______.

A

Urethral Crest

Prostatic Sinus

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25
Q

What opens into the Prostatic Sinus?

A

Prostatic Glands

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26
Q

The Prostatic Urethra is the widest and most dilatable portion of the entire urethra. On the posterior wall is a longitudinal ridge called the Urethral Crest. On the summit of the crest is a depression called the _______ _______, which is an analog of the uterus and vagina in females. On the edge of the mouth of this are openings of two ________ ________.

A

Prostatic Utricle

Ejaculatory Ducts

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27
Q

The third part of the male urethra, Membranous Urethra, is 1 cm long and passes through the _______ _______ ______. Contained within this is the ________ _______ _______, a voluntary muscle that surrounds the Membranous Urethra and relaxes only during urination and ejaculation.

A 
Muscular Urogenital (UG) Diaphragm 
External Urethral Sphincter
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28
Q

The fourth part of the male urethra, Spongy (Penile) Urethra, passes through the bulb, body, and glans of the ________ ________. It then terminates at the ________ ________ ________.

A

Corpus Spongiosum

External Urethral Orifice

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29
Q

The female urethra is approx. 1.5 inches in length and passes anteroinferiorly from the Internal Urethral Orifice (of the bladder) posterior to the pubic symphysis to the External Urethral Orifice. The External Urethral Orifice is located in the ________ of the Vagina, just anterior to the _______ _______.

A

Vestibule

Vaginal Orifice

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30
Q

In females, there are bilateral _______ _______ located on either side of the urethra. These are homologs to the Prostate Gland in males. Their ducts open near the External Urethral Orifice.

A

Paraurethral Glands

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31
Q

In females, the urethra is compressed by the External Urethral Sphincter, a voluntary muscle. This sphincter is located in the…

A

Urogenital Diaphragm

***Similar to males

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32
Q

This is a thick-walled muscular tube that is the continuation of the epididymis.

A

Vas (Ductus) Deferens

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33
Q

Describe the path that the Vas Deferens travel.

A

Ascends in Spermatic Cord then passes through the Inguinal Canal and stays in contact with Parietal Peritoneum as it approaches urinary bladder. It then crosses the Ureter to lie superior to the Seminal Vesicle.

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34
Q

The medial portion of the Vas Deferens expands to form the ________ and ends by joining the duct of the ________ ________ to form the Ejaculatory Duct.

A

Ampulla

Seminal Vesicle

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35
Q

These are glands made of coiled tubes approx. 6 inches long. They are located on the posterior surface of the bladder, between the Vas Deferens and Prostate Gland.

A

Seminal Vesicles

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36
Q

The Seminal Vesicles are accessory sex glands that do not actually store sperm cells. They produce seminal fluid (pH > 7.0) which contains _________ and constitutes the majority of the semen.

A

Fructose

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37
Q

These are formed by the union of the Vas Deferens and the duct of the Seminal Vesicle near the neck of the bladder.

A

Ejaculatory Ducts

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38
Q

The Ejaculatory Ducts pass anteroinferiorly through the Prostate Gland to open on the _______ _______ in the Prostatic Urethra.

A

Seminal Colliculus

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39
Q

This surrounds the Prostatic Urethra and is the largest accessory sex gland in the male. Normally the size of a walnut.

A

Prostate Gland

40
Q

The Prostate Gland is described as being _________. 2/3s is ________ tissue and 1/3 is _________ tissue.

A

Fibromuscular
Glandular (Fibrous)
Muscular

41
Q

For the Prostate Gland, the ________ lobe is fibrous, while the _______ and _______ lobes contain muscular tissue.

A

Anterior
Right
Left

42
Q

The prostatic secretion is a milky, ________ fluid (pH > 7.0) which comprises about 20% of semen. This helps to neutralize the acidic fluid produced by the female reproductive tract (vagina).

A

Alkaline

43
Q

________, a carbohydrate contained within prostatic fluid, provides an important source of energy to the sperm cells on their journey to hopefully fertilize an ovum.

A

Fructose

44
Q

The Prostate Gland is surrounded by a dense fascial sheath called the ________ ________ ________.

A

Visceral Pelvic Fascia

45
Q

Anterior to the Prostate Gland is the _______ _______ filled with fat, while posteriorly is the ampulla of the ________.

A

Retropubic Space

Rectum

46
Q

What lies laterally to the Prostate Gland?

A

Prostatic Venous Plexus

47
Q

Many older men experience an enlargement of the posterior middle portion of the prostate, which narrows the prostatic urethra. This is called…

A

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

48
Q

How can we palpate for the prostate?

A

By digital rectal examination

49
Q

T/F. Approx. 50% of all cancer in the male population of the United States originate in the prostate gland. Metastatic cells from a malignant tumor of the prostate gland may spread via lymphatics or enter the prostatic venous plexus and travel to the spine, liver or lungs.

A

True

50
Q

These are a pair of pea-sized accessory sex glands located in the Urogenital Diaphragm just lateral to the Membranous Urethra.

A

Bulbourethral Glands

51
Q

The ducts of the Bulbourethral Glands pass through the perineal membrane to penetrate the bulb of the penis and open into the proximal part of the ________ _______. They produce a ________ secretion that is released just prior to ejaculation, for the purpose of lubricating the urethra.

A

Spongy Urethra

Mucous

52
Q

This organ is continuous with the Sigmoid Colon and is approx. 5” long. This portion of the GI tract begins at S3 and flows the concave curvature of the sacrum and coccyx.

A

Rectum

53
Q

The Rectum turns posteroinferiorly (80˚ flexure) to become continuous with the _______ ______, the terminal segment of the GI tract.

A

Anal Canal

54
Q

The upper 1/3 of the rectum is covered by ________, while the middle 1/3 is covered only on its anterior surface.

A

Peritoneum

55
Q

The _______ _______ (spaces on either side) permit the rectum to expand when it becomes distended with feces.

A

Pararectal Fossae

56
Q

There are three lateral flexures, called _______, _______, and ________. These flexures are formed in relation to three internal foldings.

A

Superior
Intermediate
Inferior

57
Q

The distal portion of the rectum is dilated forming its…

A

Ampulla

58
Q

This is a highly elastic, muscular tube in females that is 3-4” long. It descends anteroinferiorly from the uterine cervix to open into the vestibule of the vagina between the labia minor.

A

Vagina

59
Q

Superiorly, the vagina surrounds the cervix forming a vaginal recess that has what subdivisions?

A

Anterior Fornix
Posterior Fornix
2 Lateral Fornices

60
Q

This is the deepest subdivision of the vagina and is related to the peritoneum forming the Rectouterine Pouch (pouch of Douglas).

A

Posterior Fornix

61
Q

What lies anterior and posterior to the vagina?

A

Anterior = Bladder and Urethra

Posterior = Rectouterine Pouch, Rectum, and Anal Canal

62
Q

What is on either side of the vagina?

A

Levator Ani

Broad Ligaments of Uterus

63
Q

This is a pear-shaped, muscular organ that lies in the pelvis minor. Its body rests on top of the bladder, while its cervix is located between the bladder and rectum.

A

Uterus

64
Q

The ________ is the rounded upper portion of the uterus above the entrance of the uterine tubes.

A

Fundus

65
Q

The ________ of the uterus lies between the fundus and cervix.

A

Body

66
Q

The ________ and _______ comprise 2/3’s of the uterus, while the ________ comprises the remaining 1/3.

A

Fundus
Body
Cervix

67
Q

The internal opening into the cervix is the _______ ______, and the opening in the cervix next to the vagina is the _______ _______. Between these openings is the _______ _______.

A

Internal Os
External Os
Cervical Canal

68
Q

What surrounds the External Os of the uterus?

A

Vaginal Fornix

69
Q

What are the 3 layers of the Uterus?

A

Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium

70
Q

This layer of the Uterus is an outer serous coat of peritoneum.

A

Perimetrium

71
Q

This layer of the Uterus is the middle coat of smooth muscle.

A

Myometrium

72
Q

This layer of the Uterus is the inner mucous coat (its thickness varies with the various stages of the menstrual cycle).

A

Endometrium

73
Q

The anteroinferior (vesical) surface of the Uterus is related to the ________, while the posterosuperior surface is related to the ________. The right and left borders are associated with the _______ _______ of the Uterus.

A

Bladder
Intestines
Broad Ligaments

74
Q

The _______ _______ of the uterus extends from the side of the uterus to the deep inguinal ring, where it traverses the inguinal canal. It terminates in the subcutaneous CT of the labia majorum, after passing through the superficial inguinal ring.

A

Round Ligament

75
Q

This ligament extends from the cervix and lateral vaginal fornices to the lateral walls of the pelvis minor.

A

Transverse Cervical (Lateral Cervical) Ligaments

76
Q

This ligament passes from the sides of the cervix toward the sacrum. They lie between the peritoneum and the levator ani.

A

Uterosacral Ligament

77
Q

The _______ _______ extend from the sides of the Uterus to the lateral walls and floor of the Pelvis. They consist of two layers of peritoneum draped over the Uterine Tubes.

A

Broad Ligaments

78
Q

Contained within the double-layer of peritoneum making up the Broad Ligaments, are the…

A

Ligaments of the Ovary

Round Ligaments of the Uterus

79
Q

What are the parts of the Broad Ligaments?

A

Mesometrium
Mesosalpinx
Mesovarium

80
Q

The part of the Broad Ligament is attached to the Uterus.

A

Mesometrium

81
Q

This part of the Broad Ligament is associated with the Uterine Tubes.

A

Mesosalpinx

82
Q

This part of the Broad Ligament is associated with the ovary.

A

Mesovarium

83
Q

The Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes or Oviducts are muscular tubes 4-5” long and consist of what parts?

A

Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Uterine Part

84
Q

This part of the Fallopian Tubes is the funnel-shaped end that opens at the abdominal ostium.

A

Infundibulum

85
Q

This part of the Fallopian Tubes is the widest and longest.

A

Ampulla

86
Q

This part of the Fallopian Tubes is the short and thick-walled portion that joins the uterus.

A

Isthmus

87
Q

This part of the Fallopian Tubes is the intramural portion which opens at the uterine ostium.

A

Uterine Part

88
Q

These are the female, almond-shaped gonads located near the lateral wall of the pelvis minor in a recess called the ovarian fossa.

A

Ovaries

89
Q

Each ovary is located on the posterior side of the Broad Ligament. The ________ attaches the anterior border of the ovary to the posterior surface of the Broad Ligament.

A

Mesovarium

90
Q

This ligament attaches the medial portion of the ovary to the lateral angle of the uterus.

A

Ligament of the Ovary (Ovarian Ligament)

91
Q

This ligament is a thickening of CT that contains the ovarian vessels and nerves. It passes from the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity to the ovary.

A

Suspensory Ligament

92
Q

During child birth, structures below the _______ _______ _______ include the distal rectum, anal canal, uterine cervix, vagina, and bladder. These structures are anesthetized using epidural anesthesia.

A

Pelvic Pain Line

93
Q

Conduction of pain in organs above the Pelvic Pain Line follow ________ fibers retrograde, while pain in organs below the line follow ________ fibers retrograde.

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

94
Q

There are several types of anesthesia used for childbirth. The _______ _______ is a popular choice for participatory childbirth. It is administered into the epidural space at the _______ vertebral level. The anesthetic agent bathes the spinal nerve roots, including pain fibers from the cervix, vagina, and Pudendal N. Pain from uterine body is still felt so the mother is aware of contractions.

A

Epidural Block

L3-L4

95
Q

Another anesthesia option is the _______ _______ _______, which provides anesthesia over the S2-S4 dermatomes (the majority of the perineum) and the inferior 1/4 of the vagina. It does not block pain from the superior birth canal, so the mother still feels contractions.

A

Pudendal Nerve Block

GIGU - Week 4 (QUARANTINE) (8 decks)

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