28 - organic synthesis Flashcards by Priya Brana

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

alkane to haloalkane

free radical substitution
halogen / hydrogen halide
UV light

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

alkene to alkane

electrophilic addition
Hydrogen
nickel catalyst

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

alkene to haloalkane

electrophilic addition
hydrogen halide / hydrogen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

haloalkane to nitrile ???

nucleophilic substitution
CN- / NaCN
ethanol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

haloalkane to amine ???

nucleophilic substitution
NH3 + NaOH
ethanol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

alkene to alcohol

hydration
steam
phosphoric acid catalyst

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

alcohol to alkene ??

dehydration
hot conc sulfuric acid catalyst
reflux

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

haloalkane to alcohol

nucleophilic substitution
aqueous NaOH
reflux

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

alcohol to haloalkane

2 step mechanism
sodium halide
sulfuric aid
reflux

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

alcohol to ketone

oxidation
secondary alcohol
sulfuric acid (H+)
K2Cr207
reflux

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

ketone to hydroxynitrile

nucleophilic addition
aqueous NaCN
H+

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

hydroxynitrile to amine

reduction
hydrogen
nickel catalyst

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

alcohol to aldehyde

oxidation
primary alcohol
sulfuric acid / H+
K2Cr2O7
distillation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

ketone to alcohol

nucleophilic addition
forms secondary alcohol
aqueous NaBH4

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

aldehyde to alcohol

nucleophilic addition
aqueous NaBH4
warmed

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

alcohol to carboxylic acid

oxidation
primary alcohol
sulfuric acid / H+
K2Cr2O7
reflux

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

aldehyde to carboxylic acid

oxidation
sulfuric acid / H+
K2Cr2O7
reflux

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

aldehyde to hydroxynitrile

nucleophilic addition
aqueous NaCN
H+

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

nitrile to carboxylic acid

hydrolysis
H20
HCl
heat

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

alcohol to ester

esterification
carboxylic acid
conc sulfuric acid

acid anhydride

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

nitrile to amine

reduction
hydrogen
nickel catalyst

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

ester to carboxylic acid ??

aq acid hydrolysis
dilute acid
reflux

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

ester to carboxylate ??

alkaline hydrolysis
OH-
reflux

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions

carboxylic acid to ester

esterification
alcohol
conc sulfuric acid
warmed

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

chlorination SOCl2? fume hood

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

hydrolysis nucleophilic addition - elimination H20

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions acyl chloride to ester

nucleophilic addition elimination alcohol

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions acyl chloride to primary amide

nucleophilic addition -elimination NH3

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions Acyl chloride to secondary amide

nucleophilic addition-elimination primary amine

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions hydroxynitrile to carboxylic acid

hydrolysis H20 HCl heat

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions nitriles to amines

reduction hydrogen nickel catalyst

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions nitriles to carboxylic acids

hydrolysis dilute HCl heat

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions ketone/aldehyde to alcohol

nucleophilic addition Grignard reagent followed by dilute aq acid (HCl)

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions benzene to bromobenzene

electrophilic substitution Br2 halogen carrier catalyst - AlBr3 room temp + pressure

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions benzene to chlorobenzene

electrophilic substitution Cl2 halogen carrier catalyst - AlCl3 room temp + pressure

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions benzene to benzaldehyde

electrophilic substitution acyl chloride halogen carrier catalyst

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions benzaldehyde to benzoic acid

reduction? NaBH4 (aq)

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions benzene to methylbenzene

electrophilic substitution haloalkane halogen carrier catalyst

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions benzene to nitrobenzene

electrophilic substitution conc HNO3 conc H2SO4 50 degree water bath

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions nitrobenzene to phenylamine

reduction tin / conc HCl reflux?? followed by excess NaOH

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions phenol to sodium phenoxide

electrophilic substitution? neutralisation? NaOH

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions phenol to nitrophenol

electrophilic substitution dilute HNO3 room temp

name of mechanism + reagents + conditions phenol to 2,4,6 - tribromophenol

electrophilic substitution bromine

what are Grignard reagents

Organometallic compounds that provide a source of nucleophiles called carbanions (C has a negative charge)

example of a Grignard reagents

CH3CH2MgBr