28. Oral Drug Delivery Flashcards
What are symptoms of excessive caffeine intake?
Rapid or fluttering heartbeat, light-headiness, upset stomach & overall feeling of jitteriness
What is the problem in delivering poorly soluble drugs orally?
Dissolving
What are the four main reasons for oral routes of administration?
- Reason 1: Systemic delivery of drug for many non-GI specific conditions
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Reason 2: Treating GI conditions:
1. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)
2. Duodenal and stomach ulcer disease (PUD)
3. Gastritis
4. Non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD)
5. Oesophageal & gastric cancer
6. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
7. Colon cancer and many more…- Reason 3: Unused medications cost the NHS around £300 million every year
- Reason 4: The more acceptable and familiar form
What is involved in oral absorption
Systemic activity of an API molecule after oral administration it must be absorbed from the intestine to the bloodstream/site of action
What is the most dominant mechanism of drug absorption from the intestinal lumen (GIT)?
Passive diffusion
What are the three pathways by which drug molecules cross the intestinal epithelium?
- Transcellular Pathway → Passive diffusion across the cell membrane
- Paracellular Pathway → Passive diffusion between adjacent cells
- Carrier-Mediated Pathway → Carrier mediated transport
How do Lipophilic molecules cross the membrane?
Transcellular diffusion