2.8 Management And Leadership Flashcards
Functions of management
- Setting objectives and planning
- Organising resources to meet the objectives
- Directing and motivating staff
- Coordinating activities
- Controlling measuring performmce against targets
Management roles (Henry Mintzberg)
- Interpersonal - dealing with and motivating staff at all levels of the organisation
- Informational - acting as a source, receiver and transmitter of information
- Decisional - taking decisions and allocating resources to meet the organisation’s objectives
Interpersonal roles
- Figurehead
+ leader of organisation
+ undertake duties
+ make decisions - Leader
+ motivate subordinates
+ select and train other staff - Liaison
+ link with managers and leaders of other divions of the business.
+ lead and participate in meeting
Informational roles
- Monitor (receiver)
+ collect data relevant to business’s ooerations
+ read research reports - Disseminator
+ send info from external/internal sources to the relevant people in the organisation
+ communicate with other staff - Spokesperson
+ communicate info about the organisation to the external groups and people (eg press and tv media)
+ present report to groups of stakeholders
Decisional roles
- Entrepreneur
+ look for new opportunities to develop the business - Disturbance handler
+ respond to situations that may put the business at risk
+ assume responsibility when threatening factors develop
–> take decisions on how business should respond - Resource allocator
+ decide on the spending of the organisation financial resources
+ allocate its physical and human resources - Negotiator
+ represent the organisation in all important negotations e.g with government
+ conduct negotiations and build up official links b/w the busines and other organisations
Manager
Responsible for setting objectives, oragnising resources and motivating staff so that the organisation’s aims are met
Leadership
The art of motivating, giving direction and guidance and inspiring a group of people towards achieving a common objective
A leader: said to be more about the future – giving clear direction, and vision and purpose for an organisation.
Leadership style (Autocratic)
+ take decisions with no discussion
+ set objectives, issue instruction + one way communication (no feedback from employees)
–> dependent on leaders for guidance, show no initiatives
–> low motivation levels
–> good when orders needed to be issue quickly wig immediate responses -> armed forces
Democratic leaders
+ engage in discussion with workers before taking decisions
+ 2-way communication
+ workers given info about the company
- time consuming
- level of involvement might be too sensitive
Paternalistic
+ managers do what they think is best for workers
+ some consultation but final decisions = managers
+ managers want workers 2b happy
- workers dissatisfied for not having any real power or influence
Laissez-faire
+ managers delegate virtually all authority
+ broad criteria or limits for staff to work within
+ high level of trust
+ typically used with highly skilled and motivated employees (design and research)
- workers may not appreciate the lack of structure and direction in their work
- lack of feedback . No monitor -> mayb demotivating
Informal leadership
A person who has no formal authority but has the respect of colleagues and some power over them, perhaps due to their experiences, personality or special knowledge.
Emotional intelligence (EI)
The ability of managers to understand their own emotions, and those of the people they work with, to achieve better business performance
4 main EI factors:
- Self-awareness: realistic view of our own abilities and self-confidence
- Self-management: being able to recover quickly from stress, being trustworthy, conscientious, showing initiative and self-control
- Social awareness: sensing what others are feeling, being able to take in different views and get on with wide range of people
- Social skills: handling emotions in relationships well and accurately understanding different situations; using social skills to lead, persuade, negotiate
Qualities of good leader
- Self-confidence and self-belief: ability to make right decision and to drive a business in the right direction.
- Intelligence: able to determine when their ideas are realistic and achievable
- Creativity: find new solutions, create innovative ways of improving and presenting an existing product.
- Charisma: inspire workforce, believe in leader -> what he/ she believes the business can achieve.
- Multi-skilled: know and understand tasks within a business.
