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The Making of Modern Britain 1951-2007 > 2.7 Social and cultural change, 1964-70 > Flashcards

2.7 Social and cultural change, 1964-70 Flashcards

1
Q

By 1961, what percentage of people had a TV in their home? By 1971?

A

75%
By 1971, 91%

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2
Q

When was ITV launched?

A

1955

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3
Q

When was BBC2 launced, allowing BBC1 to grow more populist?

A

April 1964

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4
Q

What meant that radio survived?

A

development of the cheap and portable transistor
spread of car radios

w/ long-life battery + radios - could be listened to in privacy of bedroom - teenagers

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5
Q

What newspaper replaced the much more serious Daily Herald as the newspaper of the working class?

A

The Sun, bought by Rupert Murdoch in 1969 - associated it with the permissive attitudes of the age

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6
Q

With home remaining the centre of many leisure activities, what percentage of leisure time did TV account for?

A

23%

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7
Q

What percentage of journeys did the car account for, 1974? (what in 1954?)

A

1974 - 77%
up from 39% in 1954

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8
Q

What happened to shopping?

A

Became a leisure activity in its own right as mass production grew, fuelled by advertising

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9
Q

Holidays in total + abroad (1951)

A

27 million in total
2 million abroad

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10
Q

Holidays in total + abroad (1971)

A

41 million in total
7 million abroad

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11
Q

When was Britannia Airways founded?

A

1964

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12
Q

Spain as a overseas package holiday destination

A

2 weeks in Spain costing as little as £20, 30% all overseas package holidays taken there

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13
Q

What did the Anglo-French partnership continue to develop in terms of science?

A

supersonic Concorde aircraft

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14
Q

When did the Post Office Tower open?

A

In 1965, then the tallest building in Britain, to improve telecommunications

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15
Q

When was theatrical censorship abolished?

A

Introduced as a private members’ bill - passed into law in 1968

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16
Q

What organisation continued to strictly categorise films?

A

British Board of Film Censors

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17
Q

When did second wave feminism start?

A

in the US, when Betty Friedan published The Feminine Mystique in 1963

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18
Q

In 1970, what percentage of students in higher education were women?

A

only 28%

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19
Q

What percentage of women ever reached managerial posts?

A

5%

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20
Q

What act allowed local authorities to provide contraception + advice?

A

National Health Service (Family Planning) Act of 1967

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21
Q

number of ‘illegitimate’ births 1960 to 1970

A

1960 - 5.8%
1970 - 8.2%

22
Q

What four demands were made at the first National Women’s Liberation Conference, Feb 1970?

A
  • equal pay
  • free contraception, abortion on request
  • equal educational and job opportunities
  • free 24-hour childcare
23
Q

What Act established equal pay for equal work?

A

the 1970 Equal Pay Act, did not come into force for a further five years

24
Q

What was set up under Mary Whitehouse in 1965? How many members did it have?

A

National Viewers’ and Listeners’ Association - soon had 100,000 members (however failed to have any impact on programmes shown)

25
Q

How much more prevalent did cocaine and heroin addiction become?

A

10x more prevalent in the first half of the 1960s

26
Q

What act made it unlawful to possess drugs such as cannabis and cocaine?

A

the Dangerous Drugs Act 1967

27
Q

What did the Wootton Report suggest? Who rejected this?

A

Wootton Report of 1968 - suggested legalising soft drugs like cannabis - rejected by Home Sec James Callaghan, who was much less liberal than his predecessor Roy Jenkins

28
Q

What did Callaghan want regarding the permissive society?

A

‘to call a halt to the rising tide of permissiveness’

29
Q

In 1970, what was the maximum sentence for supplying drugs increased to?

A

14 years imprisonment

30
Q

What did surveys, like that by Michael Schofield in 1965, find?

A

that most young people were either virgins on marriage, or married their first and only sexual partner

31
Q

In reality, what were used more by young people than illegal drugs?

A

Alcohol, tobacco and caffeine

32
Q

What did a survey find in 1969, regarding young people and music?

A

young people spent more time listening to music in their bedroom than at youth clubs/festivals

33
Q

When did BBC Radio One begin to play popular music?

A

1967

34
Q

What different subcultures emerged?

A

Skinheads, evolved from mods
Hippies

35
Q

What was set up in 1966 against the Vietnam War?

A

The Vietnam Solidarity Campaign (VSC) - gaining considerable student support

36
Q

How big was the final demonstration in 1968 against the Vietnam War?

A

October 1968 - 30,000 people took part

37
Q

What did a survey in North London, 1965 show, regarding race relations?

A
  • 1 in 5 objected working with black or Asian people
  • Half said they would refuse to live next door to a black person
  • 9/10 disapproved of mixed marriages
38
Q

When was the first Race Relations Act passed?

A

1965

39
Q

What did the first Race Relations Act do?

A

forbade discrimination in public places ‘on the grounds of colour, race or ethnic or national origin’ - however, discrimination on housing and employment were excluded

40
Q

What was set up to consider discrimination complaints?

A

the Race Relations Board

41
Q

Failures of the Race Relations Board

A

could not compel witness to attend - although it handled 982 complaints in first year, 734 were dismissed through lack of evidence

42
Q

What event prompted the government to pass a new Commonwealth Immigration Act?

A

alarm over the sudden influx of Kenyan Asians

43
Q

What did the Commonwealth Immigration Act 1968 do?

A

limited the right of return to Britain for non-white Commonwealth citizens

44
Q

When did Enoch Powell make his ‘rivers of blood’ speech?

A

April 1968

45
Q

Response within the liberal establishment to ‘rivers of blood’ speech?

A

strongly condemned - Heath not only sacked Powell, but never spoke to him again

46
Q

Reaction of public opinion to ‘rivers of blood’ speech?

A

Gallup poll found that 75% of population supported what Powell said

47
Q

When was a further Race Relations Act introduced?

A

1968

48
Q

What did the Race Relations Act 1968 do?

A
  • Banned racial discrimination in housing, employment, insurance, other services
  • Gave Race Relations Board stronger powers
49
Q

Loopholes of the Race Relations Act 1968

A
  • Employers could discriminate against non-white people in the interest of ‘racial balance’
  • Complaints against the police were excluded from the law
50
Q

Failure of the Race Relations Board after the 1968 Race Relations Act

A

Board only upheld 10% of the 1241 complaints it received about discriminatory employment to Jan 1972
The number of complaints remained low because victims had little faith in system

51
Q

What became an annual event from 1964?

A

Notting Hill Carnival

The Making of Modern Britain 1951-2007 (13 decks)

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