2.7 - Rural Urban Continuum Flashcards
What percentage of the UK population lives in urban areas?
80% of the UK population lives in urban areas (i.e. over 10,000 people).
What percentage of the UK land surface is urban?
Only 10% of the UK land surface is urban.
What term describes different levels of rurality based on accessibility and connection with urban areas?
The rural-urban continuum.
Name two key factors influencing rural demographics.
Population density and population structure.
How does historical development influence demographic characteristics?
Past employment opportunities, such as coal mining, have shaped population distribution and structure.
What are two types of rural areas based on accessibility?
Accessible rural and inaccessible rural.
Name an example of an accessible rural area in Northern Ireland.
Causeway Coast and Glens.
Why are rural and urban areas interdependent?
Rural areas supply resources and recreation, while urban areas provide employment and services.
How far is Belfast from Mid and East Antrim by car?
Approximately 1 hour via the M2 and A26.
What role does planning play in rural demographics?
Policies like greenbelts and development restrictions affect population distribution.
What are the characteristics of rural areas?
Low population densities, open land, small settlements.
What is the primary factor that differentiates accessible and inaccessible rural areas?
Proximity to urban centres and transport links.
How does accessibility impact demographic trends in rural areas?
Higher accessibility leads to more commuting, services, and population growth.
Name a major transport route connecting rural areas to Belfast.
The M2 motorway.
What is the definition of a rural area?
An area with low population density, open spaces, and small settlements.
What are the key demographic characteristics of rural areas?
Lower population density, ageing population, and lower ethnic diversity.
What are the main differences between urban and rural areas?
Urban areas have higher population densities, better infrastructure, and diverse economies, while rural areas have fewer services and primary industries.
What factors contribute to the rural-urban continuum?
Accessibility, economic opportunities, planning policies, and infrastructure development.
Define the term ‘inaccessible rural’ with an example.
Areas far from urban centres with limited transport links, such as parts of Mid and East Antrim.
What are the demographic challenges faced by rural areas?
Ageing populations, outmigration of young people, and limited employment opportunities.
What employment opportunities are available in rural areas?
Agriculture, forestry, tourism, and small-scale manufacturing.
Why is rurality important in geographical studies?
It helps understand population distribution, service provision, and economic sustainability.
What percentage of rural land is used for agriculture?
Around 70% of rural land is used for farming purposes.
Name three rural settlements mentioned in the presentation.
Kilrea, Upperlands, and Swatragh.
What is an example of an accessible rural area in Northern Ireland?
Causeway Coast and Glens.
How long does it take to travel from Belfast to Causeway Coast and Glens?
Approximately 1 hour via M2 and A26.
Which motorways connect rural areas to Belfast?
M2 and A26.
How do planning policies affect rural demographics?
They influence housing, economic development, and population distribution.
What historical factors have shaped rural population structures?
Industrial closures, agricultural mechanisation, and economic shifts.
How do physical factors impact rural population density?
Topography, climate, and natural resources availability.
What economic opportunities exist in rural areas?
Agriculture, tourism, renewable energy, and small businesses.
How does accessibility impact rural migration patterns?
Better accessibility leads to population growth and economic development.
What is the impact of an ageing population on rural areas?
Increased demand for healthcare and reduced workforce availability.
How do social factors influence rural-urban migration?
Education, employment opportunities, and lifestyle preferences.
How does tourism influence rural demographic structures?
It creates jobs, attracts younger populations, and stimulates local economies.
Why are some rural areas more densely populated than others?
Due to proximity to urban centres, infrastructure, and historical development.
How do rural and urban areas rely on each other?
Rural areas provide food and resources, while urban areas provide services and markets.
What services are typically provided in urban areas that benefit rural populations?
Healthcare, education, and retail.
How does rural produce contribute to urban economies?
Through food supply, raw materials, and tourism.
What challenges do rural areas face in accessing urban services?
Distance, transport costs, and limited availability of specialised services.
How does urban sprawl affect rural communities?
It leads to loss of green space, increased demand for services, and cultural changes.
What are the barriers to improving rural transport links?
High costs, low demand, and environmental concerns.
