2.7 DNA replication, transcription, and translation

Question 1

Amino acid

Answer 1

building block of proteins consisting of a basic amino group(NH2), an acidic carboxylic group(COOH), a hydrogen atom(-H), and an organic side group(R) attached to the carbon atom.

Question 2

Anticodon

Answer 2

three consecutive bases on tRNA that are complementary to a codon on mRNA.

Question 3

Codon

Answer 3

each sequence of three bases standing for one of the 20 possible amino acids

Question 4

Degenerate code

Answer 4

there are more codons(64) than there are amino acids to be coded, so most amino acids are coded by more than one code.

Question 5

DNA polymerase

Answer 5

an enzyme that catalyses the elongation of new DNA during replication

Question 6

Genetic code

Answer 6

the order of bases in DNA that determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

Question 7

Helicase

Answer 7

an enzyme involved in DNA replication, responsible for unwinding the double helix.

Question 8

Insulin

Answer 8

a hormone that lowers blood glucose levels by synthesizing glycogen.

Question 9

mRNA

Answer 9

messenger RNA - a type of RNA that attaches ribosomes and specifies the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

Question 10

Polymerase chain reaction

Answer 10

(PCR) a technique for amplifying DNA in vitro

Question 11

Polypeptides

Answer 11

a polymer of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds

Question 12

Polysomes

Answer 12

several ribosomes that are attached to the same mRNA at one time.

Question 13

Replication

Answer 13

making a copy of something(DNA molecule)

Question 14

Transcription

Answer 14

a copy made with instructions(when the DNA sequence of bases is converted into mRNA)

Question 15

Translation

Answer 15

what it gives rise to

-when the sequence of bases on mRNA is decoded into an amino acid sequence(proteins)

Question 16

ribosomes

Answer 16

cell organelle that functions as the site of protein synthesis

Question 17

RNA polymerase

Answer 17

an enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA during transcription

Question 18

Semi-conservative replication

Answer 18

in the process of DNA synthesis each original strand of the molecule acts as a template on which a new complementary strand is created.

Question 19

Taq DNA polymerase

Answer 19

a heat resistant enzyme found in the bacillus thermos aquaticus, which lives in hot springs, that can endure the high temperatures of the polymerase chain reaction.

Question 20

tRNA

Answer 20

transfer RNA- an RNA molecule that brings specific amino acids that match the codons in the mRNA.