2.7 chemistry Flashcards
What are Ions?
charged particles that are formed when an atom or group of atoms looses or gains (an) electron(s)
When metal reacts with nonmetal what type of ionic compound is typically formed?
What is this compound composed of?
Binary ionic compound thats composed of ions from 2 elements
What is a cation?
positively charged ion
How does a metal become a cation?
it looses one or more electrons
how does a non metal atom become an anion?
it gains one or more electrons from the metal atom
what is an anion?
a negatively charged ion
what is a cation or anion called when its derived from a single atom?
Monatomic ion
what is coulombs law? (2 parts)
Attraction or repulsion increases as size decreases
why?: because smaller ions have charges that are closer together
Attraction or repulsion increases as charge increases
why are ionic compounds neutral?
they contain equal numbers of positive and negative charges
which elemental groups lose electrons?
1A, 2A, and 3A
which elemental groups gain electrons ?
5A, 6A, 7A
what does the number before the group symbolize for elements in groups 1A 2A and 3A?
1= loses one electron
2= loses 2 electrons
3 loses 3 electrons
what does the number before the group symbolize for elements in groups 5A 6A and 7A?
5= gains 3 electron
6= gains 2 electrons
7=gains 1 electrons
what is a covalent bond?
whats an example of a molecule formed by covalent bonds?
a pair of electrons mutually attracted to each other by the two nuclei
Water (O atom forms covalent bonds with the two H atoms)
what are the two key distinctions between ionic and covalent bonds?
- most covalent substances consist of molecules whereas there are no molecules in an ionic compound
- they involve different ways of attracting particles
a. covalent bonds involve mutual attraction of the two positively charged nuclei and two negatively charged electrons
b. ionic bonding involves mutual attraction between positive and negative ions
