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Chemistry ALEVEL - Ocr A > 27 - Amines, Amino acids and Polymers > Flashcards

27 - Amines, Amino acids and Polymers Flashcards

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1
Q

What are amines

A

derivatives of ammonia

one of more of the h’s on NH3 has been replaced by an organic group

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2
Q

aliphatic amine

A

the N atom is attached to atleast one straight or branched carbon chain

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3
Q

aromatic amine

A

the N atom is attached to an aromatic ring

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4
Q

how do you determine if a amine is primary / secondary / tertiary

A

depends on the number of alkyl groups attached to the N atom

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5
Q

why do amines act as bases

A

the N atom on ammonia has a lone pair of electrons that can accept protons

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6
Q

amine + dilute acid

A

–> ammonium salt

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7
Q

why can ammonia act as a nucleophile in a substitution reaction with a haloalkane

A

has a lone pair of e’s

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8
Q

reagents needed for

nucelophilic subs of ammonia with haloalkane

A

haloalkane
excess ammonia
in ethanol solvent

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9
Q

why is a ethanol solvent used in

nucelophilic subs of ammonia with haloalkane

A

prevents substitution of haloalkane by water to produce alcohols

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10
Q

why is ammonia used

nucelophilic subs of ammonia with haloalkane

A

reduces further substitution

of primary into seco into tert

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11
Q

consitions needed for

nucelophilic subs of ammonia with haloalkane

A

heat

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12
Q

conditions needed for

prepartaion of aromatic amines

A

reflux

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13
Q

reagents needed for

preparation of aromatic amines

A

tin (Sn)

conc. HCl

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14
Q

what is the reaction needed to form an aromatic amine and what type of reaction

A

nitrobenzene + 6reducing agent –> aromatic amine + 2H2O

reduction reaction

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15
Q

what functional groups do amino acids have

A

carboxylic acid

amine

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16
Q

what is an alpha amino acid

A

the amine and carboxylic functional groups are attached to the same carbon

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17
Q

what is the general formula of alpha amino acid

A

RCH(NH2)COOH

18
Q

beta amino acid

A

amine is connected to the 3rd carbon

19
Q

gamma amino acid

A

amine connected to 4th carbon

20
Q

reactions of amine groups in amino acids

A

amino acid + acid –> salt

21
Q

reactions of carboxylic acid groups in amino acids

A

amino acid + aq alkali –> salt + h2o

amino acid + alcohol –> ester + h20

22
Q

reagents and conditions of esterfication of amino acids

A 
cond = heat 
reagents = amino acid + conc. H2SO4 + excess alcohol
23
Q

what is a zwitter ion

A

formed when the amine froup accepts a proton from the carboxylix group - forming an ion with both positive and negative charge

have no overall charge - cancels out

24
Q

what is the isoelectric point

A

the pH which the zwitterion is formed

each amino acid has a unique isoelectric point

25
Q

what happens if the amino acid is put in a solution with a pH greater than its isoelectric point

A

the AA behaves as an acid - loses a proton

26
Q

what happens if the amino acid is put in a solution with a pH lower than its isoelectric point

A

the AA behaves as an base - gains a proton

27
Q

optical isomerism

A

sterioisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other = enantiomers

28
Q

sterioisomerism

A

compounds with the same structural formula but different arrangement of atoms in space

29
Q

chiral centre

A

c atom attached to 4 different atoms

30
Q

what is condensation polymerisation

A

the joining of monomers with loss of a small molecule - usually water / hcl

31
Q

condensation polymerisation to form polyesters

A

monomers are joined by ester linkages
can be made from:
- 1 monomer containing both a CA and alcohol group
- 2 monomers - 1 with both CA - 1 with both OH

32
Q

dimerisation

A

2 molecules of the same compound react together

33
Q

how does a polyester formed from its monomer

A

the CA group in 1 molecule
reacts with the OH group in another
to form an ester bond and h20

34
Q

polymerisation of 1 monomer to form polester

A

(n-1)h20

35
Q

polymerisation of 2 monomer to form polester

A

(2n-1)h20

36
Q

condensation polymerisation to form polyamides

A

monomers joined by amide linkages

  • 1 monomer with both CA (or acyl chloride) and amines
  • 2 monomers
37
Q

amino acid undergo condensation polymerisation to form

A

polypeptides - polyamides

38
Q

how does a polamide formed from its monomer

A

CA group of one molecule reacts with amine group in another to form amide link

39
Q

why are amides soluble

A

o in the OH group has a lone pair of electrons that can hydrogen bond with water molcules

N in amine group…

40
Q

what is needed to hydrolyse polyamides and polyesters

A

hot aquesous alkali

hot aquoues acid

Chemistry ALEVEL - Ocr A (8 decks)

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