27 Amendments and Vocab Terms Flashcards
Citizens of another state or foreign country can’t sue states
11
President and VP run on the same ticket
12
Forbids slavery except for punishment for a crime
13
Equal protection, Due Process by states, US citizenship
14
Suffrage to black men
15
US government can tax income
16
Senators will be elected by popular vote
17
Prohibition of alcohol
18
Women’s suffrage
19
Lame duck
20
Repealed the 18th amendment
21
2 term limit for US presidency
22
DC residents can vote for President with 3 electoral college votes
23
No poll taxes
24
Presidential line of succession
25
Age to vote is lowered to 18
26
Congress cannot vote themselves a pay raise in their current session
27
How do you propose and amendment
Need 2/3 of Congress or state legislatures to make a national convention
Vote to ratify the amendment
3/4 of the state
Speaker of the House
Mike Johnson
Majority Leader (House)
Steve Scalise
Minority Leader (House)
Hakeem Jeffries
President of the Senate
VP Kamala Harris
President Pro-Tempore
Patty Murray
Majority Leader (Senate)
Chuck Schumer
Minority Leader (Senate)
Mitch McConnell
Terms of office and age requirement for Senate
Term is 6 years, minimum age is 30, and vote occurs 1/3 is elected every 2 years
Terms of office and age requirement for House
Term is 2 years, minimum age is 25, and vote occurs every 2 years for all members
Powers in constitution of the Legislative Branch
Article I; enumerated powers
Powers given to Congress by an interpretation of Art I, Sect.8
Necessary and Proper, Elastic, Implied
Exist because the US is a sovereign nation
Inherent Powers
Power to oversee or regulate other branches
Oversight
Presidential elections see a surge in voter turnout, but that turnout declines in the midterms
Surge and Decline Theory
VAP
Voting age population, measure of turnout
How much an individual believes their vote counts
Political Efficacy
States get assigned a certain number of representatives in the House; occurs every 10 years after census
Apportionment; 435 members
Legislature is divided into 2 houses; both are involved in making bills into law
Bicameralism
Legislation sponsored by a representative or senator; generally written by lobbyists, interest groups, or experts
Bill
Bill must be debated on, revised, and amended in committees
Markup
Only way to end a filibuster is to get 60 votes in the Senate
Cloture
Projects that are added to legislation to benefit one district or state, but the cost is spread out amongst all tax payers
Pork-barrel politics
Parliamentary maneuver in the Senate, where one Senator can keep talking continuously to disrupt a bill from being brought up to vote
Filibuster
Longest filibuster
> 24 hours in 1957
Strom Thurmond
Civil Rights Act
An elected leader’s responsibility to their constituents
Republic, Representation
The degree to which Congress represents the US as a whole
Collective Represenations
Representatives feel obligated to represent their constituents’ stated interests, acting out their will
Delegate model of representation
The extent to which a representative represents the demographics of their constituents
Descriptive Representation
Congress members make a rational policy calculation to act in the best interest of their district/ state or the country as a whole
Politico model of representation
Constituents trust the representatives to use their best judgement
Trustee model of representation
The body of voters and people, represented by a Representative or Senator
Constituency
Has members from both the House and Senate
Joint Committee
Special type of joint committee that reconciles the House version and Senator version of a bill
Conference committee
A permanent legislative committee that meets regularly
Standing Committee
Lead the majority party in either the House or Senate
Majority Leader
Leads the minority party in either the House or Senate
Minority Leader
Senator who acts in the stead of the VP as Pres of the Senate; traditionally is the most senior member of the majority party
President pro-tempore
A small legislative committee that fulfills a specific purpose then is disbanded
Select Committee
Presiding officer of the House and the leader of the majority party; 2nd in presidential succession
Speaker of the House
Majority and minority enforce voting discipline in their party
Whip
Majority Leader in Senate
Chuck Schumer
Minority Leader in Senate
Mitch McConnell
President of State in Senate
Kamala Harris
President Pro Tempore in Senate
Patty Murray
Speaker of the House
Mike Johnson
Majority Leader
Steve Scalise
Minority Leader
Hakeem Jeffries