2.6.6 animal tissues

Question 1

tissue

Answer 1

group of cells that work together to form a specific function/set of functions

Question 2

name the 4 main types of tissue within our bodies

Answer 2

• epithelial/lining tissue
• connective tissue
• muscle tissue
• nervous tissue

Question 3

function of connective tissue

Answer 3

hold structures together & provide support eg. blood, bone & cartilage

Question 4

function of muscle tissue

Answer 4

made of cells that are specialised to contract/cause movement

Question 5

function of nervous tissue

Answer 5

made of cells specialised to conduct electrical impulses

Question 6

where is epithelial tissue found

Answer 6

• covers/lines free surfaces in the body
• eg. skin, cavities of digestive/respiratory systems, blood vessels

Question 7

characteristics of epithelial tissue

Answer 7

• made mostly of cells
• cells are very close to each other & form continuous sheets
  –> adjacent cells bound by lateral contacts
• no blood vessels
  –> cells receive nutrients via diffusion from tissue fluid in
  underlying connective tissue
• some = smooth surfaces & some = projections eg. cilia/microvilli
• short cell cycles & divide up to 2/3x a day = replace worn/damaged
• specialised for it’s functions

Question 8

examples of lateral contacts

Answer 8

eg.
- tight junctions
- desmosomes

Question 9

what functions is epithelial tissue specialised for

Answer 9

• protection
• absorption
• filtration
• excretion
• secretion

Question 10

what are immature cells within cartilage called

Answer 10

chondroblasts

Question 11

characteristics of chondroblasts

Answer 11

• can divide by mitosis
• secret extracellular matrix

Question 12

when do the chondroblasts become mature

Answer 12

one the matrix has been synthesised

Question 13

which cells maintain the matrix

Answer 13

less active chondrocytes

Question 14

3 types of cartilage

Answer 14

• hyaline
• fibrous
• elastic

Question 15

properties of hyaline cartilage

Answer 15

• forms embryonic skeleton
• covers ends of long bones (adults)
• joins ribs to sternum
• found in nose, trachea (c-shaped rings) & larynx

Question 16

properties of fibrous cartilage

Answer 16

• occurs in discs between vertebrae (backbone/spine)
• in knee joint

Question 17

properties of elastic cartilage

Answer 17

makes up:
- outer ear (pinna)
- epiglottis (flap closing over larynx when swallowing)

Question 18

properties of muscle tissue

Answer 18

• well vascularised
• muscle cells called fibres as:
  –> elongated
  –> contain special organelles = myofilaments (allow muscle to contract)

Question 19

what are myofilaments made of

Answer 19

proteins: actin & myosin

Question 20

what does muscle tissue allow

Answer 20

movement

Question 21

name the 3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 21

• skeletal muscles
• cardiac muscle
• smooth muscle

Question 22

functions/properties of skeletal muscle

Answer 22

• packaged by connective tissue sheets
• joined to bones by tendons
• when contract, they cause bones to move

Question 23

functions/properties of cardiac muscle

Answer 23

• make up walls of heart
• allows heart to beat/pump blood

Question 24

functions/properties of smooth muscle

Answer 24

• occurs in walls of intestine, blood vessels, uterus & urinary tracts
• propels substances along these tracts