2.6.6 animal tissues Flashcards
tissue
group of cells that work together to form a specific function/set of functions
name the 4 main types of tissue within our bodies
- epithelial/lining tissue
- connective tissue
- muscle tissue
- nervous tissue
function of connective tissue
hold structures together & provide support eg. blood, bone & cartilage
function of muscle tissue
made of cells that are specialised to contract/cause movement
function of nervous tissue
made of cells specialised to conduct electrical impulses
where is epithelial tissue found
- covers/lines free surfaces in the body
- eg. skin, cavities of digestive/respiratory systems, blood vessels
characteristics of epithelial tissue
- made mostly of cells
- cells are very close to each other & form continuous sheets
- no blood vessels
–> cells receive nutrients via diffusion from tissue fluid in
underlying connective tissue - some have projections eg. cilia/microvilli
- short cell cycles & divide up to 2/3x a day = replace worn/damaged
what functions is epithelial tissue specialised for
- protection
- absorption
- filtration
- excretion
- secretion
what are immature cells within cartilage called
chondroblasts
characteristics of chondroblasts
- can divide by mitosis
- secret extracellular matrix
3 types of cartilage
- hyaline
- fibrous
- elastic
properties of hyaline cartilage
- forms embryonic skeleton
- covers ends of long bones (adults)
- joins ribs to sternum
- found in nose, trachea (c-shaped rings) & larynx
properties of fibrous cartilage
- occurs in discs between vertebrae (backbone/spine)
- in knee joint
properties of elastic cartilage
makes up:
- outer ear (pinna)
- epiglottis (flap closing over larynx when swallowing)
properties of muscle tissue
- well vascularised
- muscle cells called fibres as:
–> elongated
–> contain special organelles = myofilaments (allow muscle to contract)
what are myofilaments made of
proteins: actin & myosin
what does muscle tissue allow
movement
name the 3 types of muscle tissue
- skeletal muscles
- cardiac muscle
- smooth muscle
functions/properties of skeletal muscle
- packaged by connective tissue sheets
- joined to bones by tendons
- when contract, they cause bones to move
functions/properties of cardiac muscle
- make up walls of heart
- allows heart to beat/pump blood
functions/properties of smooth muscle
- occurs in walls of intestine, blood vessels, uterus & urinary tracts
- propels substances along these tracts
