26.3 Carboxylic acids Flashcards
What is the carboxylic acid functional group
COOH
what is the suffix for naming carboxylic acids
_____oic acid
Where can you find carboxylic acids
medicines
fruit juices
vinegar
rhubarb leaves
Where is methanoic acid found
bee and ant stings
Where is ethanoic acid found
-vinegar
-chemical industry
What are the naming rules for carboxylic acid
-carboxylic carbon atom is designated carbon-1
-suffix is ___oic acid
What is the solubility of carboxylic acids?
-C=O and O-H are polar bonds allowing carboxylic acids to form hydrogen bonds with water
-They are soluble in water up until 4 carbon atoms
-As the number of carbon atoms increases the solubility decreases as the non-polar carbon chain has a greater effect on the overall polarity of the molecule
What is the solubility of benzoic acid
-fairly insoluble in cold water
-soluble in hot water
What is the solubility of dicarboxylic acids
-they have two polar carboxyl groups and form hydrogen bonds on both sides
-they are solids at room temperature and dissolve readily in water
What is the strength of carboxylic acids?
-weak acids, partially dissociate in water
-the H from OH forms a carboxylate ion
What reactions do carboxylic acids take place in
-redox (with metals)
-neutralisation with bases (alkalis,metal oxides, carbonates)
What happens to the carboxylic acid when undergoing reactions
-carboxylate ions formed
which change salt name from ___oic acid to ____ate
What are the products of a redox reaction of carboxylic acids with metals
Hydrogen gas, carboxylate salt
What are the observations of the reaction of carboxylic acids with metals
-metal disappears
-effervescence of hydrogen gas
When carboxylic acids react with bases (alkalis, metal oxides, carbonates) what reaction occurs?
neutralisation
What are the products of the reaction of carboxylic acids with metal oxides
salt and water
What are the products of the reaction of carboxylic acids with alkalis
salt and water
What are the observations for the reaction of carboxylic acids with alkalis
none as two solutions are reacting together to form a aqueous solution of salt
What is the word equation for the reaction of ethanoic acid with calcium oxide
ethanoic acid + calcium oxide = calcium ethanoate + water
What is the word equation for the reaction of ethanoic acid with sodium hydroxide
ethanoic acid + sodium hydroxide = sodium ethanoate + water
What are the products for the reaction of carboxylic acids with carbonates
salt + water + CO2
What are the observations for the reaction of carboxylic acid with carbonates
effervescence
if carboxylic acid is in excess then the solid carbonate would disappear
What is the test for a carboxyl group
-reactions with carbonates as carboxylic acids are the only common organic compounds sufficiently acidic to react with carbonates
-this helps distinguish phenols and carboxylic acids as phenols do not react with carbonates
-test gas produced with limewater to prove CO2 has been produced
What arrangement are all the bonds in carboxylic acids in
planar arrangement
