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Paper 3 > 26.10.23 Forensic Psychology - Top down approach > Flashcards

26.10.23 Forensic Psychology - Top down approach Flashcards

1
Q

What is the top-down approach?

A

Starts with a PRE-ESTABLISHED typology working down to the LOWER levels to classify offender as ORGANISED or DISORGANISED based on EVIDENCE from crime scene

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1
Q

What is offender profiling?

A

BEHAVIOURAL and ANALYTICAL tool used to help profilers PREDICT and PROFILE characteristics of UNKNOWN offenders

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2
Q

Is the top-down approach American or British?

A

American

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3
Q

How was the top-down approach created?

A

FBI carried out INTERVIEWS on 36 SEXUALLY motivated murderers in 1970s

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4
Q

What is an organised offender?

A

Offender who shows EVIDENCE of planning, targets SPECIFIC victim, SEXUALLY and SOCIALLY competent and has ABOVE average IQ

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5
Q

What is a disorganised offender?

A

Offender who shows LITTLE evidence of planning, leaves CLUES, SEXUALLY and SOCIALLY incompetent and LOWER than average IQ

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6
Q

How many stages are involved in constructing an FBI profile?

A

Four

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7
Q

What is the first stage of constructing an FBI profile?

A

Data assimilation

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8
Q

What is data assimilation?

A

Profiler REVIEWS evidence from crime scene such as crime scene PHOTOGRAPHS and PATHOLOGY reports

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9
Q

What is the second stage of constructing an FBI profile?

A

Crime scene CLASSIFICATION

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10
Q

What is crime scene classification?

A

Profiler ASSIGNS offender as ORGANISED or DISORGANISED

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11
Q

What is the third stage of constructing an FBI profile?

A

Crime scene RECONSTRUCTION

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12
Q

What is crime scene reconstruction?

A

Profiler creates likely HYPOTHESES in relation to SEQUENCE of events and BEHAVIOUR of victim

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13
Q

What is the final stage of constructing an FBI profile?

A

Profile GENERATION

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14
Q

What is profile generation?

A

Profiler creates likely HYPOTHESES to likely offender such as PHYSICAL characteristics and BEHAVIOUR

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15
Q

What is a strength of the top-down approach?

A

Adapted to other types of crime such as burglary

16
Q

Adapted to other types of crime such as burglary

A
  • Meketa
  • Applied aspects of top-down approach to BURGLARY
  • 85% INCREASE in solved cases
  • Suggests top-down approach has WIDER application than originally assumed
17
Q

What is a limitation of the top-down approach?

A

Based on flawed evidence

18
Q

Based on flawed evidence

A
  • FBI profiling developed using interviews with 36 MURDERERS in US
  • Canter argued sample was POOR
  • No STANDARD set of questions
  • Interviews couldn’t be compared
  • Top down approach doesn’t have SOUND and SCIENTIFIC basis

Paper 3 (10 decks)

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