26.1 Flashcards
Reagent to turn aldehydes into carboxylic acid
potassium dichromate/dilute sulfuric acid
heat under reflux
What type of reaction forms carboxylic acids from aldehydes?
oxidation
Word equation to when oxidising aldehydes
Aldehydes + [O] —-> Carboxylic acid
Why does ketones not undergo oxidation reactions ?
low reactivity
Describe the nature of C=O bond
- polar
- oxygen more electronegative than carbon
- oxygen partial negative , carbon partial positive
What is the electron density in the C=O bond closer to ?
Oxygen
What does the nature of C=O bond allow Ketones, aldehydes to react with ?
nucleophiles
What is the nucleophile attracted to ?
attacks and is attracted to partial positive charge of carbon
What type of reactions can ketones and aldehydes undergo ?
nucleophilic addition
What can aldehydes and ketones be reduced to ?
alcohols
What is the reducing agent used called ?
NaBH4 - sodium tetrahydridoborate
What type of alcohol is aldehydes reduced to ?
primary alcohols
What type of alcohols are ketones reduced to ?
secondary alcohols
Describe how aldehydes/ketones are reduced to alcohol’s using NaBH4
aldehyde/ketone warmed with NaBH4 in aqueous solution
Word equation of aldehydes being reduced to primary alcohols
Aldehyde + 2[H] —-> Primary alcohol
