2.6 Structure of DNA and RNA Flashcards

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1
Q

What are nucleotides, and what are their three main components?

A

Nucleotides are the monomers that make up DNA and RNA, consisting of a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

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2
Q

What pentose sugar is found in DNA nucleotides?

A

Deoxyribose

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3
Q

What pentose sugar is found in RNA nucleotides?

A

Ribose

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4
Q

Which nitrogenous base is found in DNA but not in RNA?

A

Thymine

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5
Q

Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

A

Uracil

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6
Q

How are the nucleotides in a single strand of DNA or RNA connected?

A

Through a phosphodiester bond between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the hydroxyl (OH) group of another.

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7
Q

What are the two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides based on their structure?

A

Purines (adenine and guanine) with two rings, and pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, and uracil) with one ring.

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8
Q

Describe the basic structure of DNA.

A

DNA is a double helix formed by two antiparallel strands of nucleotides linked by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases: adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine.

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9
Q

How did Crick and Watson use model making to elucidate the structure of DNA?

A

They built a metal model based on DNA’s chemistry and X-ray diffraction patterns, confirming its double helix structure through complementary base pairing and antiparallel strands.

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10
Q

What is the significance of the complementary base pairing rule in the structure of DNA?

A

It dictates that guanine always pairs with cytosine, and adenine always pairs with thymine, which is crucial for DNA replication and maintaining genetic integrity.

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