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6.01 A Level Inorganic MH > 2.6 - Reactions of Aqueous Ions > Flashcards

2.6 - Reactions of Aqueous Ions Flashcards

1
Q

Equation for reaction of [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & NaOH?

A

[Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + 2OH⁻ |> [Fe(H₂O)₄(OH)₂] + 2H₂O

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2
Q

Acid-Base reaction of [M(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & OH⁻?

A

[M(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + 2OH⁻ |> [M(H₂O)₄(OH)₂] + 2H₂O

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3
Q

Why can [Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] not be hydrolysed further by NH₃?

A

Ammonia is a Weak Base

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4
Q

Equation for Oxidation of Iron(II)Hydroxide to Iron(III)Hydroxide?

A

[Fe(H₂O)4(OH)₂] |> [Fe(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] + H⁺ + e⁻

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5
Q

Reaction of [Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] & Acid?

A

[Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] + 3HCl |> [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + 3Cl⁻

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6
Q

Equation for reaction of [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & NaOH?

A

[Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + 2OH⁻ |> [Cu(H₂O)₄(OH)₂] + 2H₂O

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7
Q

Colour of FeCO₃?

A

Green ppt

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8
Q

What is produced when 3⁺ metal ions react with Na₂CO₃?

A

Metal Hydroxide & CO₂

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9
Q

Colour change: [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & Na₂CO₃?

A

Green Solution |> Green Precipitate

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10
Q

Equation for reaction of [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ & Na₂CO₃?

A

2[Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + 3Na₂CO₃ |> 2[Fe(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] + 3CO₂ + 3H₂O + 6Na⁺

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11
Q

Colour of [Fe(H₂O)₃(OH)₃]?

A

Brown ppt

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12
Q

Why are [M(H₂O)₆]³⁺ ions more Acidic than [M(H₂O)₆]²⁺ ions?

A

M³⁺ is smaller & more highly charged than M²⁺

& is able to polarise the water ligands more
O-H bonds in water are weakened more readily
& protons are more easily donated

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13
Q

Why are Transition metal ions coloured?

A

Incomplete d-subshell, frequencies of visible light are absorbed as electrons move from lower energy (ground state) to a higher energy (excited state), the remaining frequencies are reflected, producing the complementary colour.

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14
Q

Colour of [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺?

A

Green

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15
Q

Colour of [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺?

A

Blue

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16
Q

Colour of [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺?

A

Purple (brown in air)

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17
Q

Colour of [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺?

A

Colourless

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18
Q

Why do Water Ligands not affect the overall ionic charge?

A

Water is not a Charged Particle

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19
Q

Define: Acid

A

Substance that donates H⁺ ions

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20
Q

Equation for reaction of [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ & NH₃?

A

[Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + 3NH₃ |> [Fe(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] + 3NH₄⁺

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21
Q

Colour change when Sodium Hydroxide is added to [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺?

A

Purple Solution ⊳ Brown Precipitate

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22
Q

What type of reaction is metal-aqua ion + ammonia?

A

Acid-Base

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23
Q

Equation for reaction of [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & Na₂CO₃?

A

[Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + Na₂CO₃ |> CuCO₃ + 2Na⁺ + 6H₂O

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24
Q

Define: Hydrolysis

A

Breaking of a bond using water

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25
How do the positive metal hexa-aqua ions act as acids?
Electron density in water ligand moves closer to the metal ion and is polarised. The bonds in water are weakened & one breaks, donating a proton to a water molecule
26
Colour of [Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₃]?
White ppt
27
Equation for reaction of [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & NH₃?
[Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + 2NH₃ |> [Fe(H₂O)₄(OH)₂] + 2NH₄⁺
28
Colour of [Fe(H₂O)₃(OH)₃]?
Brown ppt
29
Equation for reaction of [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & H₂O?
[Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + H₂O [Fe(H₂O)₅(OH)]⁺ + H₃O⁺
30
Colour change [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ & Na₂CO₃?
Purple solution |> Brown Precipitate
31
Equation for reaction of [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ & H₂O?
[Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + H₂O [Fe(H₂O)₅(OH)]²⁺ + H₃O⁺
32
Equation for reaction of [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ & H₂O?
[Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + H₂O [Al(H₂O)₅(OH)]²⁺ + H₃O⁺
33
Equation for reaction of [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ & Na₂CO₃?
2[Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + 3Na₂CO₃ |> 2[Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] + 3CO₂ + 3H₂O + 6Na⁺
34
Colour of [Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₃]?
White ppt
35
Equation for reaction of [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & H₂O?
[Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + H₂O [Cu(H₂O)₅(OH)]⁺ + H₃O⁺
36
Equation for Initial reaction of [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & NH₃?
[Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + 2NH₃ |> [Cu(H₂O)₄(OH)₂] + 2NH₄⁺
37
Equation for reaction of [Cu(H₂O)₄(OH)₂] & excess NH₃?
[Cu(H₂O)₄(OH)₂] + 4NH₃ |> [Cu(H₂O)₂(NH₃)₄]²⁺ + 2H₂O + 2OH⁻
38
Colour change Oxidation of Iron(II) Hydroxide to Iron (III) Hydroxide?
Green Solid |> Brown Solid
39
Colour of [Cu(H₂O)₄(OH)₂]?
Blue ppt
40
Equation for reaction of [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & excess NH₃?
[Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + 4NH₃ [Cu(H₂O)₂(NH₃)₄]²⁺ + 4H₂O
41
Colour of [Cu(H₂O)₂(NH₃)₄]²⁺ ?
Deep Blue Solution
42
Colour change [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ & Na₂CO₃?
Colourless Solution |> White Precipitate
43
Colour change when Sodium Hydroxide is added to [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺?
Blue Solution |> Blue Precipitate
44
What is produced when the metal-aqua ions react with Ammonia?
Metal Hydroxides
45
Colour change [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & excess ammonia?
Blue Solution |> Blue Precipitate |> Deep Blue Solution
46
Colour change when Sodium Hydroxide is added to [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺?
Colourless Solution |> White Precipitate
47
Equation for reaction of [Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] & excess NaOH?
[Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] + OH⁻ |> [Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₄]⁻ + H₂O
48
Colour of [Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₄]⁻?
Colourless Solution
49
What is produced when 2⁺ metal ions react with Na₂CO₃?
Insoluble Metal Carbonates
50
Colour of CuCO₃?
Blue ppt
51
Colour change when Sodium Hydroxide is added to [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺?
Green Solution |> Green Precipitate
52
Colour change [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & Na₂CO₃?
Blue Solution |> Blue Precipitate
53
The Lower the pKa, the further to the ____ the equilibrium lies, therefore the ____ acid
Right | Stronger
54
Equation for reaction of [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & Na₂CO₃?
[Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + Na₂CO₃ |> FeCO₃ + 2Na⁺ + 6H₂O
55
Colour change when [Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] reacts with excess NaOH?
White Solid ⊳ Colourless Solution
56
Equation for reaction of [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ & NaOH?
[Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + 3OH⁻ |> [Fe(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] + 3H₂O
57
Why does [Fe(H₂O)₄(OH)₂] turn brown when left to stand in Air?
Oxidation to Iron (II) Hydroxide
58
Equation for reaction of [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ & NaOH?
[Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + 3OH⁻ |> [Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] + 3H₂O
59
Acid-Base reaction of [M(H₂O)₆]³⁺ & OH⁻?
[M(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + 3OH⁻ |> [M(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] + 3H₂O
60
Type of reaction: [Cu(H₂O)₄(OH)₂] & excess NH₃?
Ligand Substitution
61
Colour of [Fe(H₂O)₄(OH)₂]?
Green ppt
62
Define: Amphoteric
a Species that can act as an Acid or a Base
63
Colour change [Cu(H₂O)₄(OH)₂] & excess ammonia?
Blue Precipitate |> Deep Blue Solution
64
The Higher the pKa, the further to the ____ the equilibrium lies therefore the ____ the acid
Left | Weaker
65
Equation for reaction of [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ & NH₃?
[Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + NH₃ |> [Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] + 3NH₄⁺

6.01 A Level Inorganic MH (9 decks)

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