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6.01 A Level Inorganic MH > 2.6 - Reactions of Aqueous Ions > Flashcards

2.6 - Reactions of Aqueous Ions Flashcards

1
Q

Equation for reaction of [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & NaOH?

A

[Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + 2OH⁻ |> [Fe(H₂O)₄(OH)₂] + 2H₂O

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2
Q

Acid-Base reaction of [M(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & OH⁻?

A

[M(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + 2OH⁻ |> [M(H₂O)₄(OH)₂] + 2H₂O

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3
Q

Why can [Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] not be hydrolysed further by NH₃?

A

Ammonia is a Weak Base

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4
Q

Equation for Oxidation of Iron(II)Hydroxide to Iron(III)Hydroxide?

A

[Fe(H₂O)4(OH)₂] |> [Fe(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] + H⁺ + e⁻

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5
Q

Reaction of [Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] & Acid?

A

[Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] + 3HCl |> [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + 3Cl⁻

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6
Q

Equation for reaction of [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & NaOH?

A

[Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + 2OH⁻ |> [Cu(H₂O)₄(OH)₂] + 2H₂O

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7
Q

Colour of FeCO₃?

A

Green ppt

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8
Q

What is produced when 3⁺ metal ions react with Na₂CO₃?

A

Metal Hydroxide & CO₂

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9
Q

Colour change: [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & Na₂CO₃?

A

Green Solution |> Green Precipitate

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10
Q

Equation for reaction of [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ & Na₂CO₃?

A

2[Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + 3Na₂CO₃ |> 2[Fe(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] + 3CO₂ + 3H₂O + 6Na⁺

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11
Q

Colour of [Fe(H₂O)₃(OH)₃]?

A

Brown ppt

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12
Q

Why are [M(H₂O)₆]³⁺ ions more Acidic than [M(H₂O)₆]²⁺ ions?

A

M³⁺ is smaller & more highly charged than M²⁺

& is able to polarise the water ligands more
O-H bonds in water are weakened more readily
& protons are more easily donated

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13
Q

Why are Transition metal ions coloured?

A

Incomplete d-subshell, frequencies of visible light are absorbed as electrons move from lower energy (ground state) to a higher energy (excited state), the remaining frequencies are reflected, producing the complementary colour.

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14
Q

Colour of [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺?

A

Green

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15
Q

Colour of [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺?

A

Blue

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16
Q

Colour of [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺?

A

Purple (brown in air)

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17
Q

Colour of [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺?

A

Colourless

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18
Q

Why do Water Ligands not affect the overall ionic charge?

A

Water is not a Charged Particle

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19
Q

Define: Acid

A

Substance that donates H⁺ ions

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20
Q

Equation for reaction of [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ & NH₃?

A

[Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + 3NH₃ |> [Fe(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] + 3NH₄⁺

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21
Q

Colour change when Sodium Hydroxide is added to [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺?

A

Purple Solution ⊳ Brown Precipitate

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22
Q

What type of reaction is metal-aqua ion + ammonia?

A

Acid-Base

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23
Q

Equation for reaction of [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & Na₂CO₃?

A

[Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + Na₂CO₃ |> CuCO₃ + 2Na⁺ + 6H₂O

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24
Q

Define: Hydrolysis

A

Breaking of a bond using water

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25
Q

How do the positive metal hexa-aqua ions act as acids?

A

Electron density in water ligand moves closer to the metal ion and is polarised.

The bonds in water are weakened & one breaks, donating a proton to a water molecule

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26
Q

Colour of [Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₃]?

A

White ppt

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27
Q

Equation for reaction of [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & NH₃?

A

[Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + 2NH₃ |> [Fe(H₂O)₄(OH)₂] + 2NH₄⁺

28
Q

Colour of [Fe(H₂O)₃(OH)₃]?

29
Q

Equation for reaction of [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & H₂O?

A

[Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + H₂O [Fe(H₂O)₅(OH)]⁺ + H₃O⁺

30
Q

Colour change [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ & Na₂CO₃?

A

Purple solution |> Brown Precipitate

31
Q

Equation for reaction of [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ & H₂O?

A

[Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + H₂O [Fe(H₂O)₅(OH)]²⁺ + H₃O⁺

32
Q

Equation for reaction of [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ & H₂O?

A

[Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + H₂O [Al(H₂O)₅(OH)]²⁺ + H₃O⁺

33
Q

Equation for reaction of [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ & Na₂CO₃?

A

2[Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + 3Na₂CO₃ |> 2[Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] + 3CO₂ + 3H₂O + 6Na⁺

34
Q

Colour of [Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₃]?

35
Q

Equation for reaction of [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & H₂O?

A

[Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + H₂O [Cu(H₂O)₅(OH)]⁺ + H₃O⁺

36
Q

Equation for Initial reaction of [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & NH₃?

A

[Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + 2NH₃ |> [Cu(H₂O)₄(OH)₂] + 2NH₄⁺

37
Q

Equation for reaction of [Cu(H₂O)₄(OH)₂] & excess NH₃?

A

[Cu(H₂O)₄(OH)₂] + 4NH₃ |> [Cu(H₂O)₂(NH₃)₄]²⁺ + 2H₂O + 2OH⁻

38
Q

Colour change Oxidation of Iron(II) Hydroxide to Iron (III) Hydroxide?

A

Green Solid |> Brown Solid

39
Q

Colour of [Cu(H₂O)₄(OH)₂]?

40
Q

Equation for reaction of [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & excess NH₃?

A

[Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + 4NH₃ [Cu(H₂O)₂(NH₃)₄]²⁺ + 4H₂O

41
Q

Colour of [Cu(H₂O)₂(NH₃)₄]²⁺ ?

A

Deep Blue Solution

42
Q

Colour change [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ & Na₂CO₃?

A

Colourless Solution |> White Precipitate

43
Q

Colour change when Sodium Hydroxide is added to [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺?

A

Blue Solution |> Blue Precipitate

44
Q

What is produced when the metal-aqua ions react with Ammonia?

A

Metal Hydroxides

45
Q

Colour change [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & excess ammonia?

A

Blue Solution |> Blue Precipitate |> Deep Blue Solution

46
Q

Colour change when Sodium Hydroxide is added to [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺?

A

Colourless Solution |> White Precipitate

47
Q

Equation for reaction of [Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] & excess NaOH?

A

[Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] + OH⁻ |> [Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₄]⁻ + H₂O

48
Q

Colour of [Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₄]⁻?

A

Colourless Solution

49
Q

What is produced when 2⁺ metal ions react with Na₂CO₃?

A

Insoluble Metal Carbonates

50
Q

Colour of CuCO₃?

51
Q

Colour change when Sodium Hydroxide is added to [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺?

A

Green Solution |> Green Precipitate

52
Q

Colour change [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & Na₂CO₃?

A

Blue Solution |> Blue Precipitate

53
Q

The Lower the pKa, the further to the ____ the equilibrium lies,
therefore the ____ acid

A

Right

Stronger

54
Q

Equation for reaction of [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ & Na₂CO₃?

A

[Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + Na₂CO₃ |> FeCO₃ + 2Na⁺ + 6H₂O

55
Q

Colour change when [Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] reacts with excess NaOH?

A

White Solid ⊳ Colourless Solution

56
Q

Equation for reaction of [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ & NaOH?

A

[Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + 3OH⁻ |> [Fe(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] + 3H₂O

57
Q

Why does [Fe(H₂O)₄(OH)₂] turn brown when left to stand in Air?

A

Oxidation to Iron (II) Hydroxide

58
Q

Equation for reaction of [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ & NaOH?

A

[Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + 3OH⁻ |> [Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] + 3H₂O

59
Q

Acid-Base reaction of [M(H₂O)₆]³⁺ & OH⁻?

A

[M(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + 3OH⁻ |> [M(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] + 3H₂O

60
Q

Type of reaction: [Cu(H₂O)₄(OH)₂] & excess NH₃?

A

Ligand Substitution

61
Q

Colour of [Fe(H₂O)₄(OH)₂]?

62
Q

Define: Amphoteric

A

a Species that can act as an Acid or a Base

63
Q

Colour change [Cu(H₂O)₄(OH)₂] & excess ammonia?

A

Blue Precipitate |> Deep Blue Solution

64
Q

The Higher the pKa, the further to the ____ the equilibrium lies
therefore the ____ the acid

A

Left

Weaker

65
Q

Equation for reaction of [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ & NH₃?

A

[Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + NH₃ |> [Al(H₂O)₃(OH)₃] + 3NH₄⁺

6.01 A Level Inorganic MH (9 decks)

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