2.6 proteins Flashcards
What are 2 functions of proteins?
- structural material of animal tissue
- the maintenance and regulation of life processes
What are enzymes?
proteins which act as biological catalysts
What are amino acids?
the building blocks from which proteins are formed
What two functional groups do amino acids contain?
- amino group -NH2
- carboxyl group -COOH
what creates a protein?
amino acids linked together by condensation reactions with the elimination of water
How are proteins created?
the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid join with the elimination of water
What is peptide (amide) link?
the link which forms between two amino acids
What is the molecular formula for a peptide/amide link?
-CONH-
What is formed by linking together different sequences of amino acids?
proteins which fulfil different roles in the body
What are essential amino acids?
amino acids that the body cannot make but are required for protein synthesis
Where do we get essential amino acids from?
the diet
What happens during digestion
the enzyme hydrolysis of protein producing amino acids
What holds the long chains in proteins in spirals, sheets or other complex shapes?
- intermolecular bonding between the side chains of the constituent amino acids
- hydrogen bonding between the N-H
What happened when proteins are heated?
intermolecular bonds (hydrogen bonds N-H) between amino acid chains are broken allowing the proteins to change shape (denature)
What happens to food when It is cooked?
the texture changes due to denaturing proteins
