2.6 Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Question 1

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: nucleus

Answer 1

Prokaryotic - not present
Eukaryotic - present

Question 2

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: DNA

Answer 2

Prokaryotic - circular
Eukaryotic - linear

Question 3

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: DNA organisation

Answer 3

Prokaryotic - proteins fold and condense DNA
Eukaryotic - associated with proteins called histones - form chromatin - condense to form chromosomes

Question 4

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: extra chromosomal DNA

Answer 4

Prokaryotic - circular DNA called plasmids
Eukaryotic - only present in certain organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria

Question 5

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: organelles

Answer 5

Prokaryotic - non-membrane bound
Eukaryotic - both membrane-bound and non membrane-bound

Question 6

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: cell wall

Answer 6

Prokaryotic - peptidoglycan/murein
Eukaryotic - fungi-chitin, plants-cellulose, animals-none

Question 7

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: ribosomes

Answer 7

Prokaryotic - smaller 70S ribosomes
Eukaryotic - larger 80S ribosomes, involved in the formation of more complex proteins

Question 8

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: cytoskeleton

Answer 8

Prokaryotic - present
Eukaryotic - more complex

Question 9

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: reproduction

Answer 9

Prokaryotic - binary fission
Eukaryotic - asexual and sexual

Question 10

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: cell type

Answer 10

Prokaryotic - unicellular
Eukaryotic - unicellular and multicellular

Question 11

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: cell surface membrane

Answer 11

Present in both

Question 12

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: genes

Answer 12

Prokaryotic - genes on one chromosome are grouped into operons, meaning a number of genes are switched on or off at the same time
Eukaryotic - generally switched on and off individually

Question 13

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: flagellum

Answer 13

Prokaryotic - thinner, no 9+2 arrangement, energy supplied from chemiosmosis, attached by basal body
Eukaryotic - thicker, 9+2 arrangement, energy supplied by ATP