26-09-23 - Structure and Function of the Brainstem - Interactive lecture

Question 1

Label these cranial nerves on the brain stem (in picture)

Answer 1

Question 2

Practise question (in picture)

Answer 2

Question 3

Label the function of each cranial nerve (in picture)

Answer 3

Question 4

Describe the brainstem CN nuclei organisation.

Answer 4

• Brainstem CN nuclei organisation:

1) Medial – lateral transition from anteroposterior in spinal cord

2) Roughly cranial-caudal, starting from CNIII

3) Motor – Parasympathetic - Sensory

Question 5

Label the different sensory and motor nuclei of the brainstem (in picture)

Answer 5

Question 6

What 3 cranial nerves don’t have nuclei in the brainstem?

Where are their nuclei located?

Answer 6

• 3 cranial nerves don’t have nuclei in the brainstem:

1) Olfactory (CN1) – olfactory bulb, then tract directly to olfactory cortex

2) Optic (CN2) – lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus

3) Spinal Accessory (CN11) – nucleus caudal to medulla, in spinal cord

Question 7

What is a special visceral efferent (SVE)?

Answer 7

• The term special visceral efferents (SVE) refers to nerve fibers that innervate the voluntary striated muscles of the larynx and pharynx and the muscles of facial expression and mastication
• This is because these muscles are derived from branchial (pharyngeal arches)

Question 8

Label the somatic and branchial motor nuclei of the brainstem (in picture)

Answer 8

Question 9

Label the visceral motor (aka parasympathetic) nuclei of the brainstem (in picture)

Answer 9

Question 10

What is the difference between visceral special sensory and somatic special sensory?

Answer 10

• Visceral special sensory means special sensory coming from a visceral organ e.g tongue for taste
• Somatic special sensory is sensory fibres for hearing, balance, and vision

Question 11

Label the sensory nuclei of the brainstem (in picture)

Answer 11

Question 12

What are the 4 cranial nerves with somatic motor components?

What are the 5 cranial nerves containing special visceral (branchiomotor) components?

What are the 4 cranial nerves containing parasympathetic (general visceral motor) components?

Answer 12

• 4 cranial nerves containing somatic motor components:
  1) 3
  2) 4
  3) 6
  4) 12
• 5 cranial nerves containing special visceral (branchiomotor) components:
  1) 5
  2) 7
  3) 9
  4) 10
  5) 11
• 4 cranial nerves containing parasympathetic (general visceral motor) components:
  1) 3
  2) 7
  3) 9
  4) 10

Question 13

What 4 cranial nerves have somatic sensory components?

What 4 cranial nerves contain special visceral sensory components for taste and smell?

What 2 cranial nerve contain general visceral sensory components?

What 2 cranial nerves contain special somatic sensory components?

Answer 13

• 4 cranial nerves that contain somatic sensory components:
  1) 5
  2) 7
  3) 9
  4) 10
• 4 cranial nerves that contain special visceral sensory components for taste and smell:
  1) 7 (taste)
  2) 9 (taste)
  3) 10 (taste)
  4) 1 (smell)
• 2 cranial nerve that contain general visceral sensory components:
  1) 9
  2) 10
• 2 cranial nerves containing special somatic sensory components:
  1) 2
  2) 8

Question 14

Describe the nuclei serving each cranial nerve (in picture)

Answer 14

Question 15

Describe how to clinically test each clinical nerve

Answer 15

Question 16

Describe which non-cranial nerve nuclei is responsible for each function (in picture)

Answer 16

Question 17

Diagram of nuclei (in picture):
1) Medial geniculate
2) Red nucleus
3) Substantia nigra
4) Superior colliculus

Answer 17

Question 18

Diagram of inferior colliculus (in picture)

Answer 18

Question 19

Reticular formation nuclei diagram (in picture)

Answer 19

Question 20

Pontine nuclei diagram (in picture)

Answer 20

Question 21

Olivary nuclei diagram (in picture)

Answer 21

Question 22

Vital centres nuclei diagram (in picture)

Answer 22

Question 23

Complete the labels of the caudal midbrain (in picture)

Answer 23

Question 24

Complete the labels of the pons (In picture)

Answer 24

Question 25

Complete the labels for the upper (rostral) medulla

Answer 25

Question 26

Complete the table for each tract (in picture)

Answer 26

Question 27

Spinothalamic tract (in picture)

Answer 27

Question 28

Spinocerebellar tract (in picture)

Answer 28

Question 29

Sympathetic tract diagram (in picture)

Answer 29

Question 30

Medial lemniscus pathway diagram (in picture)

Answer 30

Question 31

Motor fibre (corticospinal and corticobulbar) pathway diagram (in picture)

Answer 31

Question 32

Median longitudinal lemniscus (MLF) pathway diagram (in picture)

Answer 32

Question 33

Describe the blood supply to the midbrain (in picture)

Answer 33

Question 34

Describe the blood supply to the pons (in picture)

Answer 34

Question 35

Describe the blood supply to the medulla (in picture)

Answer 35

Question 36

Practise Question 1

Answer 36

Question 37

Practise question 2

Answer 37

Question 38

Describe the foramina associated with each cranial nerve (in picture)

Answer 38