26/05/22 Flashcards
When was the Industrial Revolution?
18th - 19th century
Farm life to factory life
Bc of the Enclosure Acts, people have moved away from the farm life and was now introduced to the new factory life. Some people have even fled to the city to become apart of the new Industrial Working Class.
CITY LIVING TO CONVICT LIVING
Since of the sudden change to the city life. Most people couldn’t find a job so suddenly and as a result, led to petty theft to survive.
Experience of convicts (beginning + ship time)
- Britain high crime rates = overcrowded jails
- transport them in hulks to Australia
- the first fleet (11 ships) left Britain carrying over 700 convicts
- the 2nd fleet journey was much more harsher than the first fleet
- diseases such as scurvy, dysentery and typhoid
Key changes in the industrial revolution (key point)
- 1750 - 1914 when development in tech transformed traditional, economic, social, and culture ways of life
- 1750 - 1850 transformed Britain from an agricultural society to an Industrial society
- 1850 - 1914 acceleration of change and a focus on production more efficient as the relevant swept across the globe
Continue on key points
- Origins - Britain - why???
- colonial empire
- being a stable island
- lots of coal —> 5/6 world’s of coal
- Access to raw material, manpower, trade network
Raw materials = bc of the Triangular Slave Trade Britain benefited from it greatly
AGRICULTURE
- Small plots of land —> combined to form a large farm that were sold to wealthy landowners
- business - like attitude towards the breeding of livestock
- connect people around the globe
Enclosure Movement
- rich got richer
- paid small farmers + joined their = bigger land = mass production of produce = money / profit
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
- prioritise efficiency, on mass product and connecting economies and people around the world
- negatively impacting on the world and workers health + economy
TRANSPORT + COMMUNICATION
- Developments like the steam engine allowed for unprecedented speed in the transportation of raw materials
- the developments boosted economic activity
- developments in transportation also connected people
- railway transported coal across the country
- before people used steam train, ships and automobiles to move to places
Experience of SLAVERY (full story)
- Europe purchased slaves from africa
- they were transported by ship to America
- transportation of slaves from Africa across the Atlantic Ocean
- conditions were bad on board
- around 400 - 700 slaves were packed onto the ship not always surviving the trip
- slaves were sold for other goods like tobacco, cotton and rum
- around 11 million Africans were victims of slavery
- lasted around 400 years and spread across 4 continents
HOW THE TRIANGULAR SLAVE TRADE WORKED
- began in 15th century when Portuguese + Spanish begun transporting enslaved Africans people to American colonies
- countries such as Guinea, Benin, Senegal and Ghana were the epicentre of the trans-Atlantic slave trade
- from the 16th century, other imperial powers like Britain and France also got involved
Emancipists definition
A convict who has served pur their sentence or has been pardoned and transported under the convict system to Australia
Free settler experience (after)
By 1800, around 1100 free settler we’re in Australia. The migration of British and Irish people to the Australian colony began to grow, over 600 000 free settlers were in Australia.
Free settlers in the beginning and middle experience
The offer appealed to people who were suffering from unemployment and poverty in Britain as a result of the Industrial Revolution. They were treated with respect on fleets and didn’t suffer like convicts did.
