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258 multi choice practice exam Flashcards

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1
Q

the term that describes the idea that human behaviour is determined by genetics and biology is

a. labotomy
b. Nurture
c. Nature
d. chromosomes

A

c. Nature

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2
Q 
The theory that behaviour is driven by the unconscious mind is known as
A. Psychoanalytic
B. Behavioural
C. Cognitivism
D Holistic
A

A. Psychoanalytic

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3
Q 
Internalising the moral standards of society is Frueds idea of:
A. Id
B. Latent stage
C. Oral stage
D. Superego
A

D. superego

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4
Q

Frueds views of unconscious influences on behviour have been critised because:
A. it is difficult to test
B. there is little evidence to support them
C. Does not give an accurate account of women
D. All of the above

A

D. all of the above

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5
Q 
Changing what individuals do because of the consequences of their behaviour is known as 
A Classical conditioning
B. Operant learning
C. Modelling
D. Vicarious Learning
A

B. Operant learning

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6
Q 
The convergence of interests between humanistic and cognitive model psychology is called what type of psychology approach?
A cognitve behavioural
B. sociological
C. hans theory
D eclectic
A

D. Eclectic

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7
Q 
Sociological theories tend to focus on:
A social forces in society
B Deomographic factors
C Group behaviour
D all of the above
A

D all of the above

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8
Q 
The clearest example of a nature theory is
A learned helplessness theory
B behaviourism
C humanism
D biomedical model
A

D Biomedical theory

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9
Q 
In Western societies today, the main causes of illness and death are related to:
A Individual lifestyles
B Cigarette smoking
C Excessive alchol consumption
D Not exercising
A

B Cigarette smoking

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10
Q

The World Health Organisation defines health as a state of complete:
A Absense of disease and infirmity
B Physcial and emotional stability
C Historical, cultural and political understanding
D Physcial, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infimity

A

D Physcial, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infimity

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11
Q 
To generate living and working conditions that are safe, stimulating, satisfying and enjoyable is the action relating to which of the Ottawa Charter strategies?
A Create supportive environments
B Build healthy public policy
C Develop personal skills 
D Reorient health services
A

A Creat supportive environments

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12
Q 
The social gradient, stress, early life experiences, social exclusion, work, unemployment, social support, addiction, food and transport have been identified by the World Health Organisation as the top 10:
A. Causes of alcoholism
B Social determinants of health
C Components of Life
D Personalilty traits influencing health
A

B Social determinants of Health

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13
Q 
Which are more likely to be potent social determinants of health?
A Unemployment
B Social Exclusion
C Poverty
D All of the above
A

D all of the above

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14
Q

What is the important application of treating health as a human right?
A Doctors need to employ lawyers
B More money must come from the United States
C Individuals often have little control over the social determinants
D Medicines need to be distributed world wide

A

C. Individuals often have little control over the social determinants

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15
Q 
Health can be improved through:
A Planting trees to improve the environment
B More roads for bicycels
C Strong neighbourhoods
D Centralised hospitals
A

C stong neighbourhoods

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16
Q

Which is the closest to the history about social determinants of health?
A. WHO suggests this in 1948
B Governments have been building policy on this ever since 1948
C Academics have been researching this since 1948
D None of the above

A

A WHO suggests this in 1948

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17
Q

Stress is a:
A. Physical and psychological reaction of an individual to events that are challenging or stressful
B. Physical reaction by individual to bad events
C Physical reaction by individuals to bad and sometimes good events
D Physical reactions by individuals to all events

A

A Physical and psychological reaction of an individual to events that are challenging or stressful

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18
Q 
Which of the following is not a stressor?
A Attending a work interview
B Winning the lottery
C Watching a movie
D Self- talk
A

C watching a movie

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19
Q 
Stress can be viewed as:
A Stimulus, response and consequence
B Stimulus and response
C Response, stimulus and process
D None of the above
A

B Stimulus and response

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20
Q 
Common physical symptoms of stress are
A shaking 
B Sweating, palpitations and insomnia
C Dry mouth, palpitations, appetite changes and insomnia
D sweating
A

C Dry mouth, palpitations, appetite changes and insomnia

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21
Q

Common psychological symptoms of stress are:
A Resilience
B Anxiety, forgetfulness and burnout or post-traumatic stress disorder
C anxiety and forgetfulness
D Pessimism

A

C anxiety and forgetfulness

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22
Q

When a person experiences stress, their adrenal glands secrete noradrenaline and adrenaline which then leads to:
A Feeling numb
B Blackouts
C Palpitations
D Elevated blood pressure, increased heart rate and dilated pupils

A

D Elevated blood pressure, increased heart rate and dilated pupils

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23
Q

The activation of the endocrine system upon stress results in:
A Elevated blood pressure, increased heart rate and dilated pupils
B Elevated blood pressure, increased heart rate, diverted blood supply and dilated pupils
C The secretion of cortisol
D The secretion of noradrenaline and adrenaline

A

C The secretion of cortisol

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24
Q

Hans Selye is famous in stress research for finding out:
A The pathways of catecholamines
B The pathways of cortisol
C There is a general reaction to stress regardless of the type of stress
D All of the above

A

C There is a general reaction to stress regardless of the type of stress

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25
Q 
What is the phase of the General Adaption Syndrome (GAS)? 
A Resistance 
B Exhaustion
C Alarm Reaction
D all of the above
A

D all of the above

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26
Q

Some countries are healthier than other because of the:
A Climate
B Genetic make up of th population
C Social policies and service provision of the country
D All of the above

A

D All of the above

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27
Q

Protective factors in health promotion refer to:
A Factors that reduce the exposure to risk and hence the effects of health risks
B Warning people about things before they happen
C Factors that reduce the impact of health risks
D None of the above

A

A Factors that reduce the exposure to risk and hence the effects of health risks

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28
Q

In the 1970’s, health promotion initiative included:
A Health education and counselling regarding lifestyle changes
B Illness prevention
C Lifestyle education such as stress management
D All of the above

A

D All of the above

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29
Q 
Population interventions are referred to as:
A Upstream
B Midstream
C Downstream
D none of the above
A

A Upstream

30
Q 
Community interventions are sometimes referred to as:
A Upstream
B Midstream
C Downstream
D none of the above
A

B Midstream

31
Q 
Primary prevention refers to:
A preventing illness before it occurs
B Treating illness after it has occured
C Dealing with illness when it cannot be reversed
D none of the above
A

A preventing illness before it occurs

32
Q 
Going to your GP when you are sick is referred to as:
A Primary intervention
B Secondary intervention
C Tertiary intervention
D none of the above
A

B Secondary intervention

33
Q

Tobacco smoking is the most
A preventable cause of diseases and death in Australia
B common bad health behavioru in Australia
C Common bad health behaviour among young people in Australia
D None of the above

A

A preventable cause of diseases and death in Australia

34
Q

The reduction in tobacco use over time is due to:
A Legislation
B Health education in schools and social marketing
C Access to QUIT programs
D all of the above

A

D all of the above

35
Q

What are health behaviours
A Actions that improve an individuals health
B Actions that improve peoples health and their healthy lifestyles
C Actions that improve or weaken an individuals health
D going for 30 min walk every morning

A

C Actions that improve or weaken an individuals health

36
Q

What are the components or a behavioural change program?
A Stop, look, listen Psychology can heal the effects of poor health choices
B Finding the antecedents, watching the behaviour and noting the consequences
C Noting the ancetedents, watching the behaviour and finding the consequences
D Selecting the target behaviour, identifying the current contingencies and measuring and recording behaviour

A

D Selecting the target behaviour, identifying the current contingencies and measuring and recording behaviour

37
Q 
Which theory emphasises the importance of people learning by modelling what others do?
A Operant conditioning
B Social learning theory
C Health belief model
D Classical belief model
A

B Social learning theory

38
Q

What are the components of operant conditioning?
A. Antecendents, behaviours and consequence
B. Antecendents, behaviours and conditioning
C Antecendents, operants and conditioning
D Antecendents, operants and classical conditioning

A

A. Antecendents, behaviours and consequence

39
Q

Cognitive theories propose:
A Other people’s behaviour is guided by what we think of them
B Our behaviour is guided by what people think about us
C People are not affected by things but by their own perceptions of things
D People’s cognitive processes affect their thinking

A

C People are not affected by things but by their own perceptions of things

40
Q 
The Health belief model is an example of which psychological theory?
A Behavioural and learning theories
B Cognitive psychology
C Learning theories only
D Behaviour theories only
A

B Cognitive psychology

41
Q

The two Whitehall studies found that :
A members of parliment in the UK smoked more because of stress
B members of parliment in the UK were stressed
C low control over work predicted heart disease
D higher status civil servants had more heart disease

A

C low control over work predicted heart disease

42
Q

what is a limitation of Hans Selyes work on stress?
A He did not consider burnout
B He ignored disease models
C He did not include anticipated or imagined threats
D He did not come up with an anti-vaccine

A

C He did not include anticipated or imagined threats

43
Q

What is the Yerkes- Dodson Law?
A catecholamines increase upon immediate stress
B cortisol increases upon immediate stress
C Arousal and performance relate in a U-curve
D Arousal and stress relate in the U-curve

A

C Arousal and performance relate in a U-curve

44
Q 
Which of the following areas have protective functions?
A Genetic
B Political events
C Community events
D All of the above
A

D All of the above

45
Q

In the 1980s, what became important in health promotion?
A Changing in societal and political environment
B Social marketing methods
C More intuitive counselling for lifestyle
D Personal trainers for lifestyle

A

A Changing in societal and political environment

46
Q 
If we were to ban the growing and sale of tabacco using government policy, this would be referred to as:
A upstream
B midstream
C downstream
D none of the above
A

A upstream

47
Q 
Finding ways to help car for MS sufferers refers to ------- intervention
A primary
B secondary
C tertiary
D none of the above
A

C tertiary

48
Q 
Most but not all tertiary interventions are:
A upstream
B midstream
C downstream
D none of the above
A

C downstream

49
Q

Why is behaviour as important as disease for health professional?
A because behaviours can lead to diseases and also lead to improvements in diseases
B because behaviour causes disease
C because we can change it but we cannot change diseases
D because it provides more employment for health practitioners

A

A because behaviours can lead to diseases and also lead to improvements in diseases

50
Q

Which is not one of the main theories of psychology?
A Pan-theoretical theory
B Behavioural and Learning theory
C Congin==n

A

A Pan-theoretical theory

51
Q 
The three major learning/conditioning theories in psychology are:
A classical, operant and consequential
B classical, baroque and social
C classical, operant and behavioural
D classical, operant and social
A

D classical, operant and social

52
Q

What does the theory of planned action add to previous cognitive theories of behaviour change?
A The individuals perceived ability to make the changes
B Planning of actions
C Acting on plans
D The individuals perceived plans for changes

A

A The individuals perceived ability to make the changes

53
Q

The main addition of the transtheoretical model of behavioural change to other model is:
A people move forward through stages of change
B it includes all other theories within it
C that there are stages of change and interventions must be appropriate to the stage
D all the above

A

C that there are stages of change and interventions must be appropriate to the stage

54
Q 
The therapeutic triad includes qualities important for a counselling relationship and was proposed by
A Hall
B Carl Rogers
C Heidegger
D Egan
A

B Carl Rogers

55
Q

The therapeutic triad includes:
A genuineness, acceptance, empathy
B helping, friendship, genuineness
C sensitivity, understanding, helpfulness
D acceptance, physical closenss, sensitivity

A

A genuineness, acceptance, empathy

56
Q

One way to help people talk or engage in conversation is to:
A provide lollies
B ask open ended questions
C look at the floor when someones starts to talk
D close your eyes when you ask a question

A

B ask open ended questions

57
Q

Saying things like ‘uh huh’ or “oh?” or nodding your head or leaning forward are sometimes called:
A empathy
B annoying and should be avoided
C minimal encouragers and help facilitate conversation
D non-verbal communication

A

C minimal encouragers and help facilitate conversation

58
Q 
Becoming unemployed and experiencing financial stress and family difficulties as a result of a chronic health condition are referred to as:
A Inconvenient
B Secondary loss
C Chronic stress
D all of the above
A

B Secondary loss

59
Q

Weenolsens five levels of loss are:
A primary,secondary, tertiary, imposed and external
B internal, external, direct, indirect and chosen
C primary, secondary, tertiary, anger, denial
D primary, secondary, holistic, self-conceptual, metaphorical

A

D primary, secondary, holistic, self-conceptual, metaphorical

60
Q 
Ongoing loss and grief, such as that parents might experience when they have children with developmental disabilities, is known as 
A disenfranchised loss and grief
B ambigous loss
C nonfinite loss or chronic sorrow
D none of the above
A

C nonfinite loss or chronic sorrow

61
Q 
The grief that people experience when they incur a loss that is not or cannot be openly acknowledged, publicly mourned or socially supported is called:
A holistic loss
B external loss
C internal loss
D disenfranchised loss and grief
A

D disenfranchised loss and grief

62
Q 
the condition in which people are born without the abilitly to feel pain and therefore have no automatic warning system of injury is called:
A congenital analgesia
B episodic analgesia
C phantom limb pain
D nociception
A

A congenital analgesia

63
Q 
An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or discribed in terms of such damage is:
A biopsychosocial
B Pain
C analgesia
D none of the above
A

B Pain

64
Q 
An increase in the responsiveness of central neurons with continued transmission of noxious information from the periphery is known as:
A central sensitisation
B Neuropathy
C responsive neurons
D all of the above
A

B Neuropathy

65
Q

Research techniques that have been used to study neural representations of pain include:
A Immunohistochemical techniques
B PET or MRI
C VBM or injection of dyes or markers into nerves or supraspinal structures
D all of the above

A

D all of the above

66
Q 
The three main cognitive factors that will influence the pain experience are:
A intensity, duration and frequency
B attention, expectations and appraisals
C emotions, affectivity and attention
D social, emotional and behavioural
A

B attention, expectations and appraisals

67
Q

Briefly state four types of social support that promote recovery

A
  1. Information - involves giving advice and making suggestions to assist decision making
  2. Emotional support - providing empathy to provide comfort
  3. Network - being a member of a group who share similar values
  4. instrumental- refers to providing direct assistance to like lending the person money (pg 245)
68
Q

Define stress

A

a physical, cognitive, emotional and behavioural experience of an individual in response to an event that the individual perceives to be challenging or threatening.

69
Q

Briefly describe an area where health promotion programs have been effective in changing behaviour?

A

The Sunsmart health campaign has been running for the past 20 years in changing the attitudes of the public to prevent skin cancer. The message was delivered through schools, community, education, television and sponsorships. Social, political and economic evironment factors helped stimulate the change in community thinking that attribute to the programs success.

70
Q

Make a list of six social determinant so health that impact on people in your city, town or region.

A
  1. Income
  2. Education
  3. Housing
  4. Unemployment
  5. Health care facilities
  6. Agriculture and Food production
71
Q

Briefly state four reasons why you think a migrant may experience better health than the wider population?

A
  1. Goverment assistance
  2. Better health care available
  3. Personal income has increased so better health is attained
  4. Not accustomed to western “fast foods” and therefore would not have weight issues or morbidity related to bad diet.

psychology (1 decks)

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