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258 psychology Kristie Woods > 258 multi > Flashcards

258 multi Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following is not a stressor?

a. Attending a work interview
b. Winning the lottery
c. Watching a movie
d. Self-talk

A

c. Watching a movie

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2
Q

Stress and health can be viewed as:

a. stimulus, response and consequence
b. stimulus and response
c. response, stimulus and process
d. none of the above

A

c. response, stimulus and process

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3
Q

Common physical symptoms of stress are:

a. shaking
b. dry mouth, palpitations and insomnia
c. dry mouth, palpitations, appetite changes and insomnia
d. sweating

A

c. dry mouth, palpitations, appetite changes and insomnia

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4
Q

The activation of the endocrine system upon stress results in:

a. elevated blood pressure, increased heart rate and dilated pupils
b. elevated blood pressure, increased heart rate, diverted blood supply and dilated pupils
c. the secretion of cortisol
d. the secretion of catecholamines

A

c. the secretion of cortisol

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5
Q

The two Whitehall studies found that:

a. members of parliament in the UK smoked more because of stress
b. members of parliament in the UK were stressed
c. low control over work predicted heart disease
d. higher status civil servants had more heart disease

A

c. low control over work predicted heart disease

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6
Q

What is a phase of the GAS?

a. Resistance
b. Exhaustion
c. Alarm reaction
d. All the above

A

d. All the above

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7
Q

What is a limitation of Hans Selye’s work on stress?

a. He did not consider burnout.
b. He ignored disease models.
c. He did not include anticipated or imagined threats.
d. He did not come up with an anti-vaccine.

A

c. He did not include anticipated or imagined threats.

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8
Q

What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?

a. Catecholamines increase upon immediate stress.
b. Cortisol increase upon immediate stress.
c. Arousal and performance relate in a U-curve.
d. Arousal and stress relate in a U-curve.

A

c. Arousal and performance relate in a U-curve.

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9
Q

Which of the following areas can have protective functions?

a. Genetic
b. Political events
c. Community events
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

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10
Q

In the 1970s, health promotion initiatives included:

a. health education and counselling regarding lifestyle changes
b. illness prevention
c. lifestyle education such as stress management
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

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11
Q

In the 1980s, what became important in health promotion?

a. Changing the societal and political environment
b. Social marketing methods
c. More intuitive counselling for lifestyle
d. Personal trainers for lifestyle

A

a. Changing the societal and political environment

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12
Q

Population interventions are referred to as:

a. upstream
b. midstream
c. downstream
d. none of the above

A

a. upstream

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13
Q

If we were to ban the growing and sale of tobacco using government policy, this would be referred to as:

a. upstream
b. midstream
c. downstream
d. none of the above

A

a. upstream

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14
Q

Going to your GP when you are sick refers to _____ intervention.

a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. none of the above

A

b. secondary

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15
Q

Finding ways to help care for MS sufferers refers to _____ intervention.

a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. none of the above

A

c. tertiary

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16
Q

Most but not all tertiary interventions are:

a. upstream
b. midstream
c. downstream
d. none of the above

A

c. downstream

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17
Q

Why is behaviour as important as diseases for health professionals?

a. Because behaviours can lead to diseases and also lead to improvements in diseases.
b. Because behaviour causes disease.
c. Because we can change it but we cannot changes diseases.
d. Because it provides more employment for health practitioners.

A

a. Because behaviours can lead to diseases and also lead to improvements in diseases.

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18
Q

Which is not one of the main theories of psychology?

a. Pan-theoretic behaviour change
b. Behavioural and learning theories
c. Cognitive psychology
d. Health belief model

A

a. Pan-theoretic behaviour change

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19
Q

The three major learning/conditioning theories in psychology are:

a. classical, operant and consequential
b. classical, baroque and social
c. classical, operant and behavioural
d. classical, operant and social

A

d. classical, operant and social

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20
Q

What are the three components of operant conditioning?

a. Antecedents, behaviours and consequence
b. Antecedents, behaviours and conditioning
c. Antecedents, operants and conditioning
d. Antecedents, operants and classical conditioning

A

a. Antecedents, behaviours and consequence

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21
Q

What are the three components of a behavioural change program?

a. Stop, look, listen
b. Finding the antecedents, watching the behaviour and noting the consequences
c. Noting the antecedents, watching the behaviour and finding the consequences
d. Selecting the target behaviour, identifying the current contingencies, and measuring and recording behaviour

A

d. Selecting the target behaviour, identifying the current contingencies, and measuring and recording behaviour

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22
Q

Cognitive theories propose:

a. other people’s behaviour is guided by what we think of them
b. our behaviour is guided by what people think about us
c. we are not affected by things but by our perceptions of things
d. our cognitive processes affect our thinking

A

c. we are not affected by things but by our perceptions of things

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23
Q

The health belief model is an example of which psychological theory?

a. Behavioural and learning theories
b. Cognitive psychology
c. Learning theories only
d. Behaviour theories only

A

b. Cognitive psychology

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24
Q

What does the theory of planned action add to previous cognitive theories of behaviour change?

a. The individuals perceived ability to make the changes
b. Planning of actions
c. Acting on plans
d. The individuals perceived plans for changes

A

a. The individuals perceived ability to make the changes

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25
Q

The main addition of the transtheoretical model of behavioural change to other models is:

a. people move forward through stages of change
b. it includes all the other theories within it
c. that there are stages of change and interventions must be appropriate to the stage
d. all the above

A

c. that there are stages of change and interventions must be appropriate to the stage

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26
Q

Which theory emphasises the importance of people learning by modelling what others do?

a. Operant conditioning
b. Social learning theory
c. Health belief model
d. Classical belief model

A

b. Social learning theory

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27
Q

The therapeutic triad includes qualities important for a counselling relationship and was proposed by:

a. Hall
b. Carl Rogers
c. Heidegger
d. Egan

A

b. Carl Rogers

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28
Q

The therapeutic triad includes:

a. genuineness, acceptance, empathy
b. helping, friendship, genuineness
c. sensitivity, understanding, helpfulness
d. acceptance, physical closeness, sensitivity

A

a. genuineness, acceptance, empathy

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29
Q

One way to help people to talk or engage in conversation is to:

a. provide lollies
b. ask open-ended questions
c. look at the floor when someone starts to talk
d. close your eyes when you ask a question

A

b. ask open-ended questions

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30
Q

Saying things like ‘uh huh’ or ‘oh?’ or nodding your head or leaning forward are sometimes called:

a. empathy
b. annoying, and should be avoided
c. minimal encouragers and help facilitate conversation
d. non-verbal communication

A

c. minimal encouragers and help facilitate conversation

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31
Q

Death of a family member or close friend, or losing everything in a bushfire or other natural disaster, are sometimes called:

a. major losses
b. minor losses
c. life threatening
d. grief

A

a. major losses

32
Q

Becoming unemployed and experiencing financial stress and family difficulties as a result of a chronic health condition are referred to as:

a. inconvenient
b. secondary loss
c. chronic stress
d. all of the above

A

b. secondary loss

33
Q

Weenolsen’s five levels of loss are:

a. primary, secondary, tertiary, imposed and external
b. internal, external, direct, indirect and chosen
c. primary, secondary, tertiary, anger, denial
d. primary, secondary, holistic, self-conceptual, metaphorical

A

d. primary, secondary, holistic, self-conceptual, metaphorical

34
Q

The grief that people experience when they incur a loss that is not or cannot be openly acknowledged, publicly mourned or socially supported is called:

a. holistic loss
b. external loss
c. internal loss
d. disenfranchised loss and grief

A

d. disenfranchised loss and grief

35
Q

Ongoing loss and grief, such as that parents might experience when they have children with developmental disabilities, is known as:

a. disenfranchised loss and grief
b. ambiguous loss
c. nonfinite loss or chronic sorrow
d. none of the above

A

c. nonfinite loss or chronic sorrow

36
Q

The condition in which people are born without the ability to feel pain and therefore have no automatic warning system of injury is called:

a. congenital analgesia
b. episodic analgesia
c. phantom limb pain
d. nociception

A

a. congenital analgesia

37
Q

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage, is:

a. biopsychosocial
b. pain
c. analgesia
d. none of the above

A

b. pain

38
Q

An increase in the responsiveness of central neurons with continued transmission of noxious information from the periphery is known as:

a. central sensitisation
b. neuropathy
c. responsive neurons
d. all of the above

A

a. central sensitisation

39
Q

Research techniques that have been used to study neural representations of pain include:

a. Immunohistochemical techniques
b. PET or MRI
c. VBM or injection of dyes or markers into nerves or supraspinal structures
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

40
Q

The three main cognitive factors that will influence the pain experience are:

a. intensity, duration and frequency
b. attention, expectations and appraisals
c. emotions, affectivity and attention
d. social, emotional and behavioural

A

b. attention, expectations and appraisals

41
Q

the term that describes the idea that human behaviour is determined by genetics and biology is :

A

Nature

42
Q

the theory that behaviour is driven by the unconscious mind is known as :

A

Psychoanalytic

43
Q

internalising the moral stands of society is frauds idea of :

A

Superego

44
Q

Freuds views of the unconscious influences on behaviour have been criticised because :

A

it is difficult to test
there is little good evidence to support them
does not give an accurate account of women

45
Q

Changing what individuals do because of the consequences of their behaviour is known as:

A

Operant conditioning

46
Q

the convergence of interests between humanistic and cognitive model psychology is called what type of psychology approach ?

A

eclectic

47
Q

sociological theories tend to focus on

A

Social forces in society
demographic factors
group behaviour

48
Q

the clearest example of a nature theory is :

A

biomedical model

49
Q

In western societies today , the main causes of illness and death are related to :

A

Individual lifestyles.

50
Q

The World health Organisation describes health as a state of complete

A

physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

51
Q

To generate living and working conditions that are safe, stimulating, satisfying, and enjoyable is the action relating to which of the Ottawa Charter strategies ?

A

Create supportable environments

52
Q

the social gradient, stress, early life experiences, social exclusion, work, unemployment, social support , addiction, food and transport have been identified by WHO as the top 10 :

A

Social determinants of health

53
Q 
which are likely to be potent social determinants of health ? 
A. Unemployment 
B. Social exclusion 
C. Poverty 
D. All of the above
A

D. All of the above

54
Q

what is one important implication of treating health as a human right ?

A

individuals often have little control over the social determinants

55
Q

Health can be improved through :

A

Strong neighbourhoods

56
Q

Stress is a :

A

Physical and psychological reaction of an individual to events that are challenging or stressful

57
Q

Stress can be viewed as a :

A

Stimulus, Response and process

58
Q

Common Psychological symptoms of stress are :

A

Pessimism

59
Q

When a person experiences Stress , their adrenal glands secrete noradrenaline and adrenalin which then leads to

A

elevated blood pressure, increased hr , and dilated pupils

60
Q

the activation of the endocrine system upon stress results in:

A

the secretion of cortisol

61
Q

Hans Selye is famous in stress research for finding out

A

there is a general reaction to stress regardless of the type

62
Q 
what is a phase of the General Adaption Syndrome GAS? 
A. Resistance 
B. Exhaustion 
C. Alarm Reaction 
D. All of the above
A

D All of the above

63
Q

Protective factors in health promotion refer to

A

factors that reduce the exposure to risk and hence the effects of health risk

64
Q

Population interventions are referred to as :

A

Upstream

65
Q

Community interventions are referred to as :

A

Midstream

66
Q

Primary prevention refers to :

A

Preventing illness before it occurs

67
Q

Going to your GP when you are sick is referred to as:

A

Secondary intervention

68
Q

Tobacco smoking is the most

A

preventable cause of diseases and death in australia

69
Q

What are health behaviours ?

A

Actions that improve or weaken an individuals health

70
Q

What are the 3 components of a behavioural change program ?

A

Selecting the target behaviour, identifying the current contingencies and measuring and recording behaviour

71
Q

Which theory emphasises the importance of people learning by modelling what others do ?

A

Social learning theory

72
Q

What are the 3 components of operant conditioning ?

A

Antecedents, behaviours, and consequences

73
Q

cognitive theories propose

A

people are not affected by things, but by their own perception of things

74
Q

The Health belief model is an example of which psychological theory ?

A

Cognitive psychology

75
Q

the 3 main cognitive factors that will influence the pain experience are

A

Attention, expectations and appraisals

76
Q

4 types of social support that promote recovery

A

Emotional Support - empathy, concern and comfort
Esteem Support - encouragement, validate feelings
Instrumental support - direct - loaning money
Information support - giving advice
Network support - being a member of a group

77
Q

Social determinants of health

A

employment , transport, culture, family structure, support network, family, friends, politics, religion , social support , early life

258 psychology Kristie Woods (1 decks)

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