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OPT-2501 Contact Lens Theory II > 2501 > Flashcards

2501 Flashcards

FINAL EXAM PREP

1
Q

IN ORDER TO EFFECT A SMOOTH BLEND ON A CONTACT LENS WHICH HAS A 10.50mm PPC,AND A 7.50mm CPC, ONE WOULD USE WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TOOLS(WITH .4MM SOFT PAD)?

  1. 10mm
  2. 40mm
  3. 00mm
  4. 60mm
A

8.60mm

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2
Q

IF THE MIRES OF A RADIUSCOPE ARE NOT IN FOCUS IN ALL MERIDIANS IT INDICATES:

POOR BLENDS

POOR EDGE

EXCESSIVE THICKNESS

WARPAGE

A

WARPAGE

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3
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MODIFICATIONS CANNOT BE PERFORMED ON A RIGID CONTACT LENS?

STEEPEN PERIPHERAL CURVES

FLATTEN SECONDARY CURVE

REDUCE OPTICAL ZONE DIAMETER

BLEND TRANSITION ZONE

A

STEEPEN PERIPHERAL CURVES

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4
Q

NAME AN ADJUSTMENT THAT USUALLY REQUIRES A NEW LENS.

REMAKING THE PERIPHERAL CURVE

REDUCING THE OPTICAL ZONE

CHANGING THE BASE CURVE

REDUCING THE DIAMETER

A

CHANGING THE BASE CURVE

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5
Q

THE ANSI TOLERANCE FOR CONTACT LENS THICKNESS IS:

.05mm

.2mm

.5mm

.02mm

A

.02mm

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6
Q

ALL CONTACT LENS MODIFICATIONS TEND TO _____ THE LENS FIT.

HAVE NO EFFECT ON

DESTROY

LOOSEN

TIGHTEN

A

LOOSEN

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7
Q

A MARCO RADIUSCOPE MEASURES THE BASE CURVE OF A LENS IN INCREMENTS OF:

  1. 20mm
  2. 01mm
  3. 002mm

O.12 DIOPTERS

A

0.01mm

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8
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING POLISHING COMPOUNDS SHOULD NOT BE USED WITH GAS PERMEABLE LENSES?

SILVO

X PAL

SIL O2 CARE

ALOX PG

A

SILVO

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9
Q

THE DIAMETER OF A RIGID CONTACT LENS CAN BE REDUCED BY ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT:

FILE TECHNIQUE

PITCH TECHNIQUE

RAZOR BLADE TECHNIQUE

CONICAL STONE

A

PITCH TECHNIQUE

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10
Q

THE DIOPTRIC POWER OF A LENS IS MEASURED BY A________.

SPHEROMETER

OPHTHALMOMETER

LENSMETER

RADIUSCOPE

A

LENSMETER

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11
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DISINFECTING SOLUTIONS WOULD YOU RECOMEND TO A PATIENT WITH A HISTORY OF ALLERGIC REACTIONS?

CHLORHEXDINE

THIMEROSAL

QUATERNARY AMMONIUM

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

A

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

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12
Q

INGREDIENTS ADDED TO CONTACT LENS SOLUTIONS TO PROTECT THEM FROM SPOILAGE AFTER BEING OPENED ARE CALLED:

DISINFECTANTS

CHELATING AGENTS

PRESERVATIVES

BUFFERING AGENTS

A

PRESERVATIVES

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13
Q

UPON DELIVERY THE WEARER SHOULD BE TOLD:

THAT RIGID LENSES SHOULD BE POLISHED EVERY THREE MONTHS.

THAT FOLLOW-UP VISITS WILL NOT BE NECESSARY

TO REMOVE A LENS WHICH BECOMES UNCOMFORTABLE

THAT LENSES WILL LAST INDEFINITELY

A

TO REMOVE A LENS WHICH BECOMES UNCOMFORTABLE

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14
Q

WHICH TYPE OF SALINE CAUSES THE LEAST PROBLEMS?

UNIT DOSE NON-PRESERVED*

SALT TABLETS

SORBIC ACID PRESERVED

THIMEROSAL PRESERVED

A

UNIT DOSE NON-PRESERVED*

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15
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CARE SYSTEMS WOULD RESULT IN THE SHORTEST LIFE FOR A SOFT LENS?

COLD CHEMICAL

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

HEAT

A

HEAT

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16
Q

STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT AS HIGH AS ____% OF COMPLIANT CONTACT LENS PATIENTS HAVE CONTACT LENS CASES THAT CULTURE POSITIVE.

42

52

15

75

A

42%

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17
Q

ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE FUNCTIONS OF A SOAKING SOLUTION EXCEPT:

IT DISSOLVES EXCESS SILICONE MOLECULES

IT MAINTAINS A STATE OF HYDRATED EQULIBRIUM

IT AIDS IN CLEANING THE LENS OF OCULAR SECREATIONS

IT PREVENTS EYE INFECTIONS BY A CONTAMINATED LENS

A

IT DISSOLVES EXCESS SILICONE MOLECULES

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18
Q

WHY SHOULDN’T DIFFERENT BRANDS OF SOFT CONTACT LENS SOLUTIONS BE MIXED?

FEDERAL LAW PROHIBITS IT.

A CHEMICAL REACTION MAY OCCUR CAUSING CORNEAL PROBLEMS.

MANUFACTURES WILL NOT ALLOW IT.

LENSES MAY TEAR OR DETERIORATE FASTER

A

A CHEMICAL REACTION MAY OCCUR CAUSING CORNEAL PROBLEMS.

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19
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS MOST EFFECTIVE IN REMOVING PROTEIN BUILDUP ON SOFT CONTACT LENSES?

ENZYMATIC CLEANER

HYPERTONIC SALINE

SODIUM BICARBONATE

TAP WATER

A

ENZYMATIC CLEANER

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20
Q

A BUFFERING AGENT IS ADDED TO A SOLUTION TO HELP CONTROL:

TONICITY

BACTERIA

Ph LEVEL

WETTABILITY

A

Ph LEVEL

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21
Q

WHAT IS THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF A SURFACTANT CLEANER?

REMOVE SURFACE SCRATCHES

REMOVE LOOSELY ADHERENT DEBRIS

FROM THE LENS SURFACE.

REMOVE PROTEIN DEPOSITS

KILL MICROORGANISMS

A

REMOVE LOOSELY ADHERENT DEBRIS

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22
Q

WHEN LENSES ARE DELIVERED TO THE PATIENT, THE WEARING SCHEDULE SHOULD BE:

DETERMINED BY THE PATIENT’S LEVEL
OF COMFORT

DETERMINED BY THE REFRACTION

VERBAL AND WRITTEN

UNSPECIFIED

A

VERBAL AND WRITTEN

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23
Q

THE AVERAGE ph VALUE OF HUMAN TEARS IS:

  1. 6
  2. 0
  3. 8
  4. 4
A

7.4

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24
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PRESERVATIVES IS A MERCURY BASED COMPOUND?

DYMED

THIMEROSAL

POLYQUAD

SORBIC ACID

A

THIMEROSAL

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25
Q

ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE FUNCTIONS OF A WETTING SOLUTION EXCEPT:

IT CLEANS THE LENS AFTER REMOVAL

IT PROVIDES A VISCOUS PROTECTIVE COATING OVER THE LENS SURFACE SO THE FINGER DOES NOT COME IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH THE FINGER DURING INSERTION.

IT PROVIDES LUBRICATION BETWEEN THE LID AND LENS SURFACE.

IT CONVERTS THE HYDROPHOBIC LENS SURFACE TO A HYDROPHILLIC ONE.

A

IT CLEANS THE LENS AFTER REMOVAL

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26
Q

A PATIENT COMPLAINS THAT THE CONTACT LENS IN HIS RIGHT EYE IS IRRITATING. UPON SLIT LAMP EXAMINATION YOU DISCOVER AN EMBEDDED FOREIGN BODY. YOU SHOULD:

RECOMMEND LUBRICATION DROPS

SEND THE PATIENT TO A DOCTOR

USE TWEZZERS TO REMOVE THE FOREIGN BODY

ADVISE THE PATIENT TO LEAVE THE LENS OUT A FEW DAYS AND RETURN FOR A CHECK UP.

A

SEND THE PATIENT TO A DOCTOR

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27
Q

IF FOGGING OCCURES IMMEDIATELY UPON INSERTION OF A CONTACT LENS:

THE LENSES WERE NOT CLEANED PROPERLY

THE OPTICAL ZONE IS TOO SMALL

THE BASE CURVE IS TOO STEEP

THE BASE CURVE IS TOO FLAT

A

THE LENSES WERE NOT CLEANED PROPERLY

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28
Q

LID EVERSION IS NECESSARY TO OBSERVE WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS?

KERATITIS SICCA

BLEPHARITIS

BULLOUS KERATOPATHY

GIANT PAPILLARY CONJUNTIVITIS

A

GIANT PAPILLARY CONJUNTIVITIS

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29
Q

FOLLOW UP KERATOMETER READINGS ON AN ADAPTED RIGID LENS WEARER SHOULD BE WITHIN ______ FROM THE ORIGINAL READINGS.

.30mm

  1. 00D
  2. 50D

.50D

A

.50D

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30
Q

THE SUBJECTIVE SYMPTOM OF EDGE FLARE OR REFLECTION WITH A CONTACT LENS IS AGGRAVATED BY :

TEARING

DRY EYES

A LARGE P.O.Z.

A CLEAR LENS

A

TEARING

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31
Q

EPITHELIAL EDEMA WHICH MANIFESTS ITSELF CLINICALLY AS A GREY CORNEAL HAZE, IS VERIFIED BY THE SLIT LAMP USING SCLEROTIC SCATTER ILLUMINATION. WHAT SPECIFIC TECHNIQUE DOES THE EXAMINER USE TO SEE THIS CONDITION?

HIGH MAGNIFICATION AND AN ANGLE BETWEEN THE BEAM AND SCOPE OF 180 DEGREES.

THE GREEN FILTER OF THE SLIT LAMP WITH HIGH MAGNIFICATION.

THE BLUE COBALT FILTER OF THE SLIT LAMP AND AN ANGLE OF ABOUT 45 DEGREES.

THE NAKED EYE AND AN ANGLE BETWEEN THE SLIT LAMP BEAM AND THE EYE OF 45 to 90 DEGREES

A

THE NAKED EYE AND AN ANGLE BETWEEN THE SLIT LAMP BEAM AND THE EYE OF 45 to 90 DEGREES

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32
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING INSTRUMENTS IS BEST USED TO CHECK FOR LENS WARPAGE?

MEASURING MAGNIFIER

RADIUSCOPE

PROJECTION MAGNIFIER

PROFILE ANALYZER

A

RADIUSCOPE

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33
Q

POOR VISION AFTER CONTACT LENSES HAVE BEEN REMOVED AND REPLACED WITH SPECTACLES IS CALLED:

BLURRING

FOGGING

CONTACT LENS BLUR

SPECTACLE BLUR

A

SPECTACLE BLUR

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34
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING NEED NOT BE RECORDED ON EACH FOLLOW UP VISIT ?

SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE FINDINGS

ORIGINAL Rx AND LENS SPECIFICATIONS

LENS CHANGES AND MODIFICATIONS

KERATOMETRY

A

ORIGINAL Rx AND LENS SPECIFICATIONS

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35
Q

A STINGING AND BURNING SENSATION WHICH OCCURES EACH DAY AFTER SEVERAL HOURS OF WEAR MAY BE CAUSED BY A CONTACT LENS WHICH HAS:

STAGNATION OF TEAR FLUID BEHIND THE LENS

A FLAT BASE CURVE

BEEN IMPROPERLY CLEANED

NONE OF THE ABOVE

A

STAGNATION OF TEAR FLUID BEHIND THE LENS

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36
Q

ABRASIONS OVER THE APEX OF THE CORNEA CAN BE CAUSED BY:

LENS CONSTANTLY RUBBING THE APEX

LENS FITTING FLATTER THAN K

CORNEAL EDEMA

ALL OF THE ABOVE

A

ALL OF THE ABOVE

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37
Q

BUBBLES TRAPPED UNDER A RIGID LENS MAY RESULT IN __________.

3:00 - 9:00 STAINING

STIPPLING STAINS

DIMPLE VEILING

PUNCTATE STAINS

A

DIMPLE VEILING

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38
Q

PERIPHERAL LIMBAL STAINING AT 3:00 AND 9:00 IS A RESULT OF :

VIRAL INFECTION

MECHANICAL EROSION BY THE LENS

EXPOSURE CAUSING LIMBAL DRYNESS

INCORRECT INSERTION

A

EXPOSURE CAUSING LIMBAL DRYNESS

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39
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SHOULD A FITTER DO WHEN A SIGNIFICANT FOREIGN BODY STAIN ON THE CORNEA IS OBSERVED DURING A RIGID CONTACT LENS FOLLOW UP VISIT ?

REFIT WITH A SOFT LENS

REFIT WITH A THERAPEUTIC LENS

REFIT WITH A FLATTER RIGID LENS

CONSULT THE PRESCRIBER

A

CONSULT THE PRESCRIBER

40
Q

A CONTACT LENS WEARER MAY EXPERIENCE EDEMA OF THE CORNEA BECAUSE OF :

POOR OPTICS IN THE LENS

OVER CORRECTION OF THE LENS

ABSORPTION OF TEARS INTO THE
CORNEA.

UNDER CORRECTION OF THE LENS

A

ABSORPTION OF TEARS INTO THE CORNEA.

41
Q

______________ is a multi-zone concentric soft bifocal contact lens.

Acuvue Bifocal

Unilens

B&L Occasions

Tangent Streak

A

Acuvue Bifocal

42
Q

During the diagnostic evaluation of the following patient, the lens rotates 10 degrees to the left. Which of the following lens parameters would you order for the patient?
Patient’s Refraction: -2.50 -1.00 x 170
Diagnostic Lens: 8.7 -2.50 -1.00 x 170
———————————————————–
8.7 -2.50 -1.00 x 160

  1. 7 -2.50 -1.00 x 170
  2. 7 -2.50 -1.00 x 180
  3. 7 -2.50 -1.00 x 10
A

8.7 -2.50 -1.00 x 180

43
Q

Which of the following is a translating bifocal lens design?

Segmented

Concentric

Aspheric

Diffractive

A

Segmented

44
Q

Prism ballast, double slab-off and peri-ballast are all used for what type of lens design?

Therapeutic

RGP Bitoric

Soft toric

Spherical

A

Soft toric

45
Q

Which of the following lens designs would not provide a good visual result for this patient?

K’s 44.00 @180 / 42.50 @90
Rx -3.50 -1.50 x 90
——————————————————–
Soft toric lens

Aspheric rigid gas permeable lens

Soft spherical lens

Spherical rigid gas permeable lens

A

Soft spherical lens

46
Q

A bifocal lens in which the power gradually changes from the central area of the lens to the periphery is known as:

A bitoric lens

A monocentric lens

An aspheric lens

A crescent lens

A

An aspheric lens

47
Q

GIVEN THE FOLLOWING Rx: O.D. -2.00 -2.00 x 110
IF THE DIAGNOSTIC TORIC SOFT LENS ROTATES 15 DEGREES CLOCKWISE, WHAT LENS AXIS SHOULD BE ORDERED?

95

125

140

110

A

125

48
Q

A prism ballast RGP lens requires how much prism for proper orientation?

  1. 00 to 4.00 D
  2. 50 to 3.00 D
  3. 25 to 0.50 D
  4. 75 to 1.50 D
A

0.75 to 1.50 D

49
Q

WHAT PRESBYOPIC LENS DESIGN WOULD YOU RECOMMEND FOR A PATIENT WITH THEN FOLLOWING PRESCRIPTION AND “K” READINGS ?

O.D. -1.00 -1.50 X 180 O.D. 42.50 / 44.00@90
O.S. -0.50 -1.00 X 10 O.S. 41.75 / 42.75@100
ADD: +2.50 O.U.

SOFT CONCENTRIC

SPHERICAL SOFT MONOVISION

RGP ASPHERIC

RGP TRANSLATING

A

RGP TRANSLATING

50
Q

WHEN FITTING A RIGID BACK SURFACE TORIC, APPROXIMATELY __________% OF THE CORNEAL TORICITY MAY BE PLACED ON THE POSTERIOR LENS SURFACE.

25

33

66

50

A

66

51
Q

Keratoconus and penetrating keratoplasty fittings are best accomplished by which of the following?

K’s and Rx

Nomogram

Molded impression

Diagnostic fitting

A

Diagnostic fitting

52
Q

A lens fitted for keratoconus should:

Align with the apex

Ride high

Flatten the apex

Vault the apex

A

Align with the apex

53
Q

On a compromised cornea, such as a that has undergone a corneal graft, what lens characteristic would be most beneficial?

High tensile strength

High wetting angle

High DK/L

High flexibility

A

High DK/L

54
Q

Among the following choices, which is the latest lens design for keratoconus?

Rose K

Soper design

Aspheric

McGuire design

A

Rose K

55
Q

A patient has a possible acuity of 20/25 but has anaridia and photophobia. What type of lens would you fit?

Translucent lens without optics

Opaque cosmetic lens with optics

Opaque cosmetic lens with a black pupil

Translucent lens with optics

A

Opaque cosmetic lens with optics

56
Q

One might utilize which of the following lens designs given the following information:

Ks: 46.00@ 100 / 49.00 @ 20 +2 distortion
Rx: -7.00 -3.50 x 100
————————————————————
Menicon Plateau

Ortho K

Rose K

Front surface toric RGP

A

Rose K

57
Q

Which of the following conditions may benefit from an X-Chrom or Ruby Red lens?

Colobomas

Color deficiency

Anaridia

Corneal scars

A

Color deficiency

58
Q

An aphakic patient with K reading of 40.50 @180 / 41.25 @ 90, large palpebral fissures and flaccid lower lids is a good candidate for a__________ lens.

Myoflange lenticular RGP

Single cut RGP

Collegen Sheild

Bitoric RGP

A

Myoflange lenticular RGP

59
Q

Which of the following conditions may benefit from an iris lens with a black pupil?

Anaridia

Corneal scars

Color deficiency

Colobomas

A

Corneal scars

60
Q

RGP lenses with a secondary curve steeper than the C.P.C. may be used for all of the following conditions except__________.

Post RK

Orthokeratology

Aphakia

Post LASIK

A

Aphakia

61
Q

Which of the following is important to consider when asking questions of a patient?
Allow the patient time to answer

Ask only one question at a time

Use words the patient can understand

All of the above are important

A

All of the above are important

62
Q

When comparing the cost of adding new patients to your practice versus keeping your current patients it is:
5 to 10 times more expensive to keep current patients

5 to 10 times more expensive to add new patients

5 to 10 times less expensive to add new patients

None of the above

A

5 to 10 times more expensive to add new patients

63
Q

If a patient must wait longer than expected before being seen:
They should be told a shorter time than expected so they aren’t discouraged

They should expect to wait, it’s a professional office

They should be told a longer time than expected so they are pleasantly surprised when it’s shorter

They should be told honestly at the time of check-in

A

They should be told honestly at the time of check-in

64
Q

When greeting a patient in the reception area:
Smile when you greet them

Say their name clearly

Walk toward them

All of the above

A

All of the above

65
Q

When placing a caller on hold, you should always ask permission and then:

Wait for their response

Leave them on hold for 3 minutes only

efficiently place them on hold

Thank them

A

Wait for their response

66
Q

Tidying the reception area should be done:
When it gets messy

At the end of each day

At the beginning of each day

Throughout the day

A

Throughout the day

67
Q

How should you refer to the patient by name?
First names only

“Hon” or “Dearie”

Title (eg. Mr., Mrs, Ms. And last name)

Last names only

A

Title (eg. Mr., Mrs, Ms. And last name)

68
Q

A ringing telephone should be answered by the:

A

3RD RING

69
Q

ANSI- GP Lenses: CPC Tolerance

A

+/- 0.25mm or 0.12D

70
Q

ANSI- GP Lenses: CPC Verification

A

Radiuscope

Keratometer

71
Q

ANSI- GP Lenses: POWER Tolerance

A

+/- 10.00 Diopters = +/- 0.12D

> 10.00 Diopters = +/- 0.12D

72
Q

ANSI- GP Lenses: POWER Verification

A

Lensmeter

Projection Lensmeter

73
Q

ANSI- GP Lenses: Total Diameter Tolerance

A

+/- 0.05mm

74
Q

ANSI- GP Lenses: Total Diameter Verification

A

V-Channel, Slip or Slot Gauge
Measuring Magnifier
Projection Magnifier

75
Q

ANSI- GP Lenses: Center Thickness Tolerance

A

+/- 0.02mm

76
Q

ANSI- GP Lenses: Center Thickness Verification

A

Thickness Gauge

77
Q

S.O.A.P.

A

S.ubjective
O.bjective
A.ction
P.atient Instructions

78
Q 
4
6
8
10
RULE from Spectacle to Contacts
A 
4= .25 or 1/4
6= .50 or 1/2
8= .75 or 3/4
10= 1.00 Diopter
79
Q

Glasses vs Contacts:

More _____ power and less ____ power in contacts than glasses.

A

plus/minus

80
Q

R.S.V.P.

A

R.edness
S.ecretion
V.ision loss
P.ain

81
Q

Designing GP Lenses

Ks O.D. 41.00 / 42.50 @ 100
O.S. 40.25 / 41.50 @ 80

Rx O.D. -8.25 +1.50 x 100
O.S. -9.00 +1.25 x 80

H.V.I.D.: 11.5mm

V.D: 12mm

A

CPC POWER DIAMETER
O.D. _41.00_______-6.25________9.6_____
O.D. _40.75_______-6.00________9.6_____
O.D. _ 40.50______ -5.75________9.6_____

O.S. _ 40.25\_\_\_\_\_\_-7.12\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_9.6\_\_\_\_
O.S. _ 40.00\_\_\_\_\_\_-6.87\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_9.6\_\_\_\_
O.S. _ 39.75 \_\_\_\_\_\_-6.62\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_9.6\_\_\_\_
82
Q

Designing Soft Contact Lenses

Ks O.D. 43.75 / 43.25 @ 110
O.S. 44.25 / 43.50 @ 120

Rx O.D. +5.50 -0.50 x 110
O.S. +7.00 -1.00 x 120

H.V.I.D.: 11.5mm

V.D.: 12mm

A

BASE CURVE POWER DIAMETER

O.D. \_\_\_8.6\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_+5.50 or +5.75 \_\_14.0\_\_\_\_

O.S. \_\_\_8.6\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_+7.00\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_14.0\_\_\_\_
83
Q

Soft Lens Correction: Spherical

A

Rx Astigmatism < 1.00 D

Rx SPHERE to CYL Ratio > 3 to 1

84
Q

Soft Lens Correction: Toric Designs

A

Front Surface
Back Surface
Stock
Custom

85
Q

Rigid Lens Correction: Spherical

A

Residual Astigmatism <1.00 D

Corneal Astigmatism <3.00 D

86
Q

Rigid Lens Correction: Toric Designs

A

Front Surface
Back Surface
Bitoric

87
Q

_______illumination, the light is thrown out of focus so it spreads over a large portion of the eye.

A filter may be needed to dim the light to a comfortable level for the patient.

Magnification is kept low to maintain a large field of view.

This is a good illumination to use for a general survey of the cornea, sclera and lids.

A

Diffuse

88
Q

_______illumination, the light is focused into a sharp slit of 2mm or less. The viewer looks into this slit.
A 1-2mm slit gives a _________ section that separates the anterior and posterior cornea.

A

Direct / Parellelpiped

89
Q

lens position and movement

surface wettability of the cornea or contact lens

tear break-up time

gross corneal staining

blink reflex

A

DIFFUSE

90
Q

determine which layer of the cornea is involved

detect irregular topography

view the lens/cornea relationship

A

OPTICAL SECTION

91
Q

hazy lenses

 fine epithelial edema   

 endothelial cells   

 surfaces of the crystalline lens
A

Specular Reflection

92
Q

____________________ is when the lamp and microscope are at equal angles to the midline, a perfectly smooth transparent surface will reflect a mirror image of the lamp bulb. If the surface is not perfectly smooth, the viewer sees the texture of the surface rather than the mirror image.

A

Specular Reflection

93
Q

_______ is a narrower slit, which allows the observer to see individual layers of a transparent structure.

A

Optical Section

94
Q

_______is set up much like a parallelpiped section, but the viewer looks to the side of the slit instead of directly into it.

Very effective for inspecting opaque structures, such as:

lids and lashes
sclera and conjunctiva

A

Indirect

95
Q

corneal vascularization and scarring
edema, microcysts
deposits on the contact lens or cornea

A

Retro-illumination

96
Q

A halo effect is produced when a bright beam is directed toward the limbus at a wide angle. The halo is caused by light being reflected internally between the corneal epithelium and endothelium.
Anything in the substance of the cornea that is non-transparent is visible in this reflected light, but the classic use for this illumination is the detection of:

Opacities

Central Corneal Clouding or patch edema

A

Sclerotic Scatter

97
Q

_________ uses reflected light from the iris or retina to backlight something opaque or translucent in the cornea. The examiner sees the shadowed side of the object against the bright background.

A

Retro-illumination

OPT-2501 Contact Lens Theory II (1 decks)

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