250 Flashcards
abrogate
revoke formally
His government has abrogated constitutional amendments curbing presidential powers, which were introduced after the Orange Revolution.
accession
the right to enter
Accession negotiations are expected to take about 10 years.
accord
concurrence of opinion
After weeks of negotiation, agreement was reached and theaccords were signed, later leading directly to the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty of 1979.
accreditation
the act of granting official approval or recognition
Their alleged status is said to have been disclosed in anaccreditation check by G4S.
acknowledge
declare to be true or admit the existence or reality of
Napoleon also refused to acknowledge diplomatic immunity, imprisoning several British diplomats accused of scheming against France.
adhere
stick to firmly
Lee also urged North Korea to adhere to UN resolutions aimed at deterring Pyongyang’s nuclear ambitions.
adversary
someone who offers opposition
Diplomatic distance in public between our nations emboldens Israel’s adversaries.”
adviser
an expert who gives advice
The oldest treatise on statecraft and diplomacy, Arthashastra, is attributed to Kautilya (also known as Chanakya)[citation needed], who was the principal adviser to Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the Maurya dynasty who ruled in the 3rd century BC, (whose capital was Patliputra, today’s Patna, the chief city of Bihar state).
agency
the state of being in action or exerting power
If discovered, these diplomats can be expelled from an embassy, but for the most part counter-intelligence agencies prefer to keep these agents in situ and under close monitoring.
agent
a representative who acts on behalf of others
If discovered, these diplomats can be expelled from an embassy, but for the most part counter-intelligence agencies prefer to keep these agents in situ and under close monitoring.
alliance
the state of being confederated
From the Battle of Baideng (200 BC) to the Battle of Mayi (133 BC), the Han Dynasty was forced to uphold a marriagealliance and pay an exorbitant amount of tribute (in silk, cloth, grain, and other foodstuffs) to the powerful northern nomadic Xiongnu that had been consolidated by Modu Shanyu.
ally
a friendly nation
However, a great deal of diplomacy in establishing allies, bartering land, and signing peace treaties was necessary for each warring state, and the idealized role of the “persuader/diplomat” developed.
ambassador
a diplomat of the highest rank
Portraits of Periodical Offering, a 6th-century Chinese painting portraying various emissaries; ambassadors depicted in the painting ranging from those of Hephthalites, Persia to Langkasuka, Baekje(part of the modern Korea), Qiuci, and Wo (Japan).
annex
attach to
announce
make known
appeasement
the act of acceding to demands
arbitration
giving authoritative judgment
Nations sometimes resort to international arbitration when faced with a specific question or point of contention in need of resolution.
attache
a specialist assigned to the staff of a diplomatic mission
For instance, the job of military attachés includes learning as much as possible about the military of the nation to which they are assigned.
autonomous
existing as an independent entity
A state’s ability to practice diplomacy has been one of the underlying defining characteristics of an autonomous state.
barter
exchange goods without involving money
However, a great deal of diplomacy in establishing allies,bartering land, and signing peace treaties was necessary for each warring state, and the idealized role of the “persuader/diplomat” developed.
bestow
give as a gift
A high rank was bestowed upon them in order to present a sense of legitimacy with regards to their presence.
betray
deliver to an enemy by treachery
bilateral
having two sides or parts
border
the boundary of a surface
Diplomatic communications are also viewed as sacrosanct, and diplomats have long been allowed to carry documents across borders without being searched.
boycott
refusal to have commercial dealings with some organization
breach
an opening, especially a gap in a dike or fortification
While there have been a number of cases where diplomats have been killed, this is normally viewed as a great breach of honour.
broker
a businessman who buys or sells for another
DOJ is involved in brokering a deal between two online poker giants.
cartography
the making of maps and charts
Both diplomats secured the rightful borders of the Song Dynasty through knowledge of cartography and dredging up old court archives.
channel
a deep and relatively narrow body of water
In some situations, such as between the United States and the People’s Republic of China a large amount of diplomacy is done through semi-formal channels using interlocutors such as academic members of thinktanks.
charisma
personal attractiveness that enables you to influence others
client
someone who pays for goods or services
collaboration
act of working jointly
But if you look at the institutions involved in this massive undertaking it’s clearly an international collaboration.
collective
done by or characteristic of individuals acting together
League of Nations
collective
compliance
the act of submitting, usually surrendering power to another
Arms-control treaties would be impossible without the power of reconnaissance satellites and agents to monitorcompliance.
conciliatory
making or willing to make concessions
In an apparent conciliatory gesture, Saudi state TV showed King Abdullah welcoming leaders with Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad at his side.
condemnation
an expression of strong disapproval
conduct
the way a person behaves toward other people
But with limited resources at their disposal, conductingeffective diplomacy poses unique challenges for small states.[8]
[edit]Diplomatic training institutions
conflict
an open clash between two opposing groups
Already, there are examples of how resource riches can sparkconflict.
confront
oppose, as in hostility or a competition
Others said that Mr. Ban could surprise critics by confronting or embarrassing Ayatollah Khamenei and his subordinates over their anti-Semitic statements.
conquer
take possession of by force, as after an invasion
The revolution would see commoners take over the diplomacy of the French state, and of those conquered by revolutionary armies.
conspiracy
a plot to carry out some harmful or illegal act
Other posts focus on conspiracy theories related to 9/11 and talk of an upcoming revolution.
consular
having to do with a consul or his office or duties
consulate
diplomatic building that serves as the residence or workplace of a consul
convention
the act of meeting formally
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations
counterpart
a person or thing having the same function as another
“In the framework of diplomatic relations it was customary for Byzantine emperors and Muslim rulers, especially the ‘Abbāsids and the Fātimids, as well as for Muslim rulers between themselves, to exchange precious gifts, with which they attempted to impress or surpass their counterparts,” remarks David Jacoby, in the context of the economics of silk in cultural exchange among Byzantium, Islam and the Latin West:[4] merchants accompanied emissaries, who often traveled on commercial ships.
courtesy
a considerate and respectful manner
Amenities were added to cater to military travelers, including weekly barbecues, courtesy shuttles, full-time concierges and free laundry facilities and DVD rentals.
covert
secret or hidden
On almost every front in a wide-ranging covert war with Israel and the United States, Iran appears to be suffering major
credential
a document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts
Local analysts say that playing up the “colonial” angle helps burnish Correa’s anti-U.S. credentials and could lift his ratings.
crisis
a crucial stage or turning point in the course of something
Even so seemingly modern a crisis as Europe’s financial woes is an expression of timeless geography.
cunning
showing inventiveness and skill
In the 11th century during the Song Dynasty (960–1279), there were cunning ambassadors such as Shen Kuo and Su Song who achieved diplomatic success with the Liao Dynasty, the often hostile Khitan neighbor to the north.
customary
commonly used or practiced
By the late 16th century, permanent missions becamecustomary.
declaration
a statement that is emphatic and explicit
declare
state emphatically and authoritatively
If a diplomat does commit a serious crime while in a host country he may be declared as persona non grata (unwanted person).
de facto
existing, whether with lawful authority or not
Currently, the United States and other nations maintain informal relations through de facto embassies, with names such as the American Institute in Taiwan.
defiance
a hostile challenge
Sometimes the exchanges may have no connection at all with governments, or may even act in defiance of governments; such exchanges are called Track III.
deflect
turn from a straight course or fixed direction
delegation
a group of representatives
The Palestinian National Authority has its own diplomatic service, however Palestinian representatives in most Western countries are not accorded diplomatic immunity, and their missions are referred to as Delegations General.
deportment
the way a person behaves toward other people
The envoys sent at the time to the courts of other kingdoms tended to reside for extended periods of time, and Arthashastra contains advice on the deportment of the envoy, including the trenchant suggestion that ‘he should sleep alone’.
dialogue
a conversation between two persons
Track II diplomacy is a specific kind of informal diplomacy, in which non-officials (academic scholars, retired civil and military officials, public figures, social activists) engage indialogue, with the aim of conflict resolution, or confidence-building.
diplomacy
negotiation between nations
Diplomacy
diplomat
an official engaged in international negotiations
International treaties are usually negotiated by diplomats prior to endorsement by national politicians.
diplomatic
relating to negotiation between nations
” Diplomatic relations between Canada and Iran have been suspended,” Baird said.
displaced person
a person forced to flee from home or country
dispute
the act of coming into conflict with
Speaking to Russia’s RT television channel, he said a second term for Mr. Obama could help solve disputes over missile defense.
dissident
a person who objects to some established policy
In times of hostility, diplomats are often withdrawn for reasons of personal safety, as well as in some cases when the host country is friendly but there is a perceived threat from internaldissidents.
doctrine
a belief accepted as authoritative by some group or school
embargo
a government order imposing a trade barrier
Cuban authorities continuously brag about keeping health care free and universal despite its lightweight economy and the 50-year-old U.S. embargo.
embassy
a building where diplomats live or work
After a few tense hours, it became clear the Soviets were not going to storm the embassy.
embolden
give encouragement to
emissary
someone sent on a mission to represent another’s interests
On the day the uprising broke out in Benghazi, Saadi was touring the city as an emissary from his father to its alienated citizens.
endorsement
the act of approving
International treaties are usually negotiated by diplomats prior to endorsement by national politicians.
enforcement
ensuring observance of or obedience to
Diplomats were thus used as an enforcement mechanism on treaties and international law.
enlargement
the act of increasing in size or volume or quantity or scope
entanglement
an intricate trap that entangles or ensnares its victim
entity
that which is perceived to have its own distinct existence
For many decades after its becoming independent, even many of the closest allies of the Dutch Republic refused to grant it full recognition.[citation needed] Today there are a number of independent entities without widespread diplomatic recognition, most notably the Republic of China (ROC)/Taiwan on Taiwan Island.
envoy
a diplomat having less authority than an ambassador
envoy extraordinary
a diplomat having less authority than an ambassador
espionage
the systematic use of spies to obtain secrets
Embassy staff would include a wide range of employees, including some dedicated to espionage.
external
happening or arising outside some limits or surface
extradition
surrender of an accused by one state or country to another
facilitation
act of assisting the progress or improvement of something
flagship
the ship that carries the commander of a fleet and flies his flag
flux
a state of constant change
foe
an armed adversary
foresight
seeing ahead; knowing in advance; foreseeing
Lincoln was not lacking in foresight, nor in careful calculation.
forestall
keep from happening or arising; make impossible
gesture
motion of hands or body to emphasize a thought or feeling
In an apparent conciliatory gesture, Saudi state TV showed King Abdullah welcoming leaders with Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad at his side.
goodwill
the friendly hope that something will succeed
grievance
a complaint about a wrong that causes resentment
grudging
petty or reluctant in giving or spending
helm
steering mechanism for a vessel
hindsight
understanding the nature of an event after it has happened
In fact, the two long-term refinancing operations by the European Central Bank in hindsight look increasingly like temporary sticking-plaster solutions.
hinterland
a remote and undeveloped area
Erected with the stated aim of keeping out suicide bombers, the barrier has largely severed Jerusalem’s Arab districts from their West Bank hinterland.
honor
a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction
Our nation also holds the dubious honor of being responsible for half of the worst mass shootings in the last 30 years.”
hostile
characterized by enmity or ill will
In some cases, governments welcome such activity, for example as a means of establishing an initial contact with ahostile state of group without being formally committed.
illicit
contrary to accepted morality or convention
implement
a piece of equipment or a tool used for a specific purpose
impose
charge and collect payment
independence
freedom from control or influence of another or others
Other unrecognized regions which claim independence include Abkhazia, Transnistria, Somaliland, South Ossetia, Nagorno Karabakh, and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
initiative
readiness to embark on bold new ventures
“Russia is open to new joint initiatives in this sphere.”
instructions
a manual explaining how to install or operate a device
instrument
the means whereby some act is accomplished
insult
a deliberately offensive act
Some wars are sparked by a small insult.
insurgence
an organized rebellion aimed at overthrowing a constituted government through the use of subversion and armed conflict
integrity
an undivided or unbroken completeness with nothing wanting
“Should Japan continue to make provocative moves, China will be justified in taking more aggressive measures to safeguard its territorial integrity,” said the editorial.
intelligence
the ability to comprehend
They also have links to Pakistan’s intelligence service.
intercession
the act of intervening, as to mediate a dispute
It usually refers to international diplomacy, the conduct of international relations[1] through the intercession of professional diplomats with regard to issues of peace-making, trade, war, economics, culture, environment and human rights.
interfere
get involved, so as to alter or hinder an action
interlocutor
a person who takes part in a conversation
In some situations, such as between the United States and the People’s Republic of China a large amount of diplomacy is done through semi-formal channels using interlocutors such as academic members of thinktanks.
intervene
be placed or located between other things
intervention
the act of interposing one thing between or among others
Roosevelt’s personal intervention settled the conflict, and caused him to win the Nobel peace prize.
[edit]Diplomatic recognition
intimidation
the act of scaring a weaker person to make them do something
“We call on the authorities at all levels to ensure that journalists are protected from violence and intimidation.”
intrigue
a crafty and involved plot to achieve your ends
Ms. Hong portrayed the entire Moon family as dysfunctional, spoiled and divided by intrigue and hypocrisy.
isolated
remote and separate physically or socially
Lacking the economic and political importance of Taiwan, these nations tend to be much more diplomatically isolated.
jeopardize
pose a threat to; present a danger to
lame duck
an elected official still in office but not slated to continue
” Lame duck” refers to the legislative session that takes place after the November election and before new members of Congress are seated in January.
landlocked
surrounded entirely or almost entirely by land
Rains have already contributed to cholera deaths in thelandlocked nations of Mali and Niger as well, health officials said.
lip service
an expression of agreement that is not supported by real conviction
maritime
relating to ships or navigation
The maritime republics of Genoa and Venice depended less and less upon their nautical capabilities, and more and more upon the perpetuation of good relations with the Ottomans
measure
determine the dimensions of something or somebody
Confidence-building measures
meddlesome
intrusive in an offensive manner
mediation
the act of intervening to bring about a settlement
The situation could be resolved with a prisoner swap - possible attempts at mediation are already under way.
memorandum
a written proposal or reminder
Clausewitz
convention
open door
sphinx
ultimatum
adept
diplomacy
diplomatize
foreign
memorandum
memorial
protocol
sphere
treaty
mercurial
liable to sudden unpredictable change
mission
an operation that is assigned by a higher headquarters
Diplomats were sent only for specific negotiations, and would return immediately after their mission concluded.
mollify
cause to be more favorably inclined
mounting
an event that involves rising to a higher point
multilateral
having many parts or sides
Muslim calendar
the lunar calendar used by Muslims
negotiation
a discussion intended to produce an agreement
Diplomats were sent only for specific negotiations, and would return immediately after their mission concluded.
obsequious
attempting to win favor from influential people by flattery
Sir Gilbert cut his obsequious civilities short by heartily shaking hands with him, and then departed.
ominous
threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments
onslaught
an offensive against an enemy
override
the act of nullifying
overseas
beyond or across the ocean
Chinese maritime activity was increased dramatically during the commercialized period of the Song Dynasty, with new nautical technologies, many more private ship owners, and an increasing amount of economic investors in overseas ventures.
pact
a written agreement between two states or sovereigns
partnership
a cooperative relationship between people or groups
Pampers government was added by gulyasrobi ✖
paper tiger was added by gulyasrobi and appears on 15 other lists ✖
peace process was added by gulyasrobi and appears on 6 other lists ✖
plenipotentiary was added by gulyasrobi and appears on 56 other lists ✖
positive abstention was added by gulyasrobi and appears on 7 other lists ✖
power politics was added by gulyasrobi and appears on 2 other lists ✖
puppet government was added by gulyasrobi and appears on 1 other list ✖
put in quarantine was added b
penchant
a strong liking
perfidious
tending to betray
permanent
continuing or enduring without marked change in status
By the late 16th century, permanent missions became customary.
perseverance
the act of persisting
Failure, coupled with perseverance, can be the springboard to better things.
persona
a personal facade that one presents to the world
Eventually the primary purpose of a diplomat, which was originally a negotiator, evolved into a persona that represented an autonomous state in all aspects of political affairs.
persona non grata
a person who for some reason is not wanted or welcome
plenipotentiary
a diplomat who is fully authorized to represent his or her government
The seal of each plenipotentiary is placed after his signature.
polite
showing regard for others in manners, speech, behavior, etc.
In an informal or social sense, diplomacy is the employment of tact to gain strategic advantage or to find mutually acceptable solutions to a common challenge, one set of tools being the phrasing of statements in a non-confrontational, or polite manner.
precedence
status established in order of importance or urgency
Disputes on precedence among nations (and therefore the appropriate diplomatic ranks used) persisted for over a century until after World War II, when the rank of ambassador became the norm.
pressure
the exertion of force to a surface
privilege
a special advantage or benefit not enjoyed by all
Environmental campaigners say the papers reveal theprivileged access afforded to Shell across Whitehall.
proclaim
declare formally
180–157) that they controlled areas stretching from Manchuria to the Tarim Basin oasis city-states, a treaty was drafted in 162 BC proclaiming that everything north of the Great Wall belong to nomads’ lands, while everything south of it would be reserved for Han Chinese.
protocol
forms of ceremony and etiquette observed by diplomats
If China fails to abide by W.T.O. protocols, the platform says, “the United States government will end procurement of Chinese goods and services.”
punitive
inflicting punishment
quarantine
isolation to prevent the spread of infectious disease
react
show a response to something
rebuff
a deliberate discourteous act
reception
the act of taking in
reciprocal
concerning each of two or more persons or things
reckless
marked by defiant disregard for danger or consequences
recognition
identifying something or someone by remembering
Diplomatic recognition is an important factor in determining whether a nation is an independent state.
recognize
perceive to be the same
reconnaissance
the act of scouting
Arms-control treaties would be impossible without the power of reconnaissance satellites and agents to monitor compliance.
regime
the governing authority of a political unit
“There are no legitimate regimes in the Arab Middle East,” he declared.
rein
keep in check
relentless
never-ceasing
remittance
a payment of money sent to a person in another place
representation
standing in for someone and speaking on their behalf
representative
serving to typify
Milan was the first to send a representative to the court of France in 1455.
resolution
a decision to do something or to behave in a certain manner
Security Council resolutions aimed at pressuring Syrian President Bashar Assad’s regime, which is fighting an increasingly vigorous armed opposition.
response
the speech act of continuing a conversational exchange
restoration
returning something or someone to a satisfactory state
restrain
hold back
The treaty was renewed no less than nine times, but did notrestrain some Xiongnu tuqi from raiding Han borders.
rival
the contestant you hope to defeat
He lived during a time in which rival states were starting to pay less attention to traditional respects of tutelage to the Zhou Dynasty (c.
rogue state
a state that does not respect other states in its international actions
Barack Obama said he would restore civil liberties in the war on terror and sit down with rogue leaders.
ruthless
without mercy or pity
sanction
official permission or approval
sardonic
disdainfully or ironically humorous
screening
testing objects or persons in order to identify those with particular characteristics
Needle in a Plane Snack Does airplane food go through security screening?
Special meaning in EU context: “aquis screening” = testing the legislature of an EU candidate for compliance with the acquis communautaires.
secure
free from danger or risk
Both diplomats secured the rightful borders of the Song Dynasty through knowledge of cartography and dredging up old court archives.
settlement
something resolved; the outcome of decision making
shackle
bind the arms of
smother
conceal or hide
sneer
a contemptuous or scornful remark
snub
refuse to acknowledge
solution
a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
In an informal or social sense, diplomacy is the employment of tact to gain strategic advantage or to find mutually acceptablesolutions to a common challenge, one set of tools being the phrasing of statements in a non-confrontational, or polite manner.
sovereignty
the authority of a state to govern another state
Though used as a factor in judging sovereignty, Article 3 of the Montevideo Convention states, “The political existence of the state is independent of recognition by other states.”[citation needed]
[edit]Informal diplomacy
stalemate
a situation in which no progress can be made
status
a state at a particular time
Diplomatic relations within the Early Modern era of Asia were depicted as an environment of prestige and Status.
strain
exert much effort or energy
strategic
relating to an elaborate and systematic plan of action
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
same context
strategist
an expert in systematic plans of action
One of the earliest realists in international relations theory was the 6th century BC military strategist Sun Tzu (d.
surveillance
close observation of a person or group
A plane used for marine surveillance by Frontex, the European Union border security agency, was also searching the waters.
tact
consideration in dealing with others
In an informal or social sense, diplomacy is the employment oftact to gain strategic advantage or to find mutually acceptable solutions to a common challenge, one set of tools being the phrasing of statements in a non-confrontational, or polite manner.
territory
a region marked off for administrative or other purposes
The Greek City States on some occasions sent envoys to each other in order to negotiate specific issues, such as war and peace or commercial relations, but did not have diplomatic representatives regularly posted in each other’s territory.
terrorist
a radical who advocates violence against civilians
thwart
hinder or prevent, as an effort, plan, or desire
tilt
a slight but noticeable partiality
track
a line or route along which something travels or moves
trade-off
an exchange that occurs as a compromise
transfer
move from one place to another
Compliance, he said, meant having transferred all Afghan citizens who were already in custody at the time the agreement was signed.
treaty
a written agreement between two states or sovereigns
The EurActiv Web site on Thursday expressed doubt that all 27 member states could even agree to start treaty negotiations within the next few years.
tribute
something given or done as an expression of esteem
From the Battle of Baideng (200 BC) to the Battle of Mayi (133 BC), the Han Dynasty was forced to uphold a marriage alliance and pay an exorbitant amount of tribute (in silk, cloth, grain, and other foodstuffs) to the powerful northern nomadic Xiongnu that had been consolidated by Modu Shanyu.
trigger
lever that activates the firing mechanism of a gun
truce
a state of peace agreed to between opponents
After several conflicts with the Tibetan Empire spanning several different decades, the Tang finally made a truce and signed a peace treaty with them in 841.
trustworthy
worthy of trust or belief
Better, more trustworthy, less politicized intelligence could have changed a great deal about the history of the last decade and a half.
turf war
a bitter struggle for territory or power or control or rights
unctuous
unpleasantly and excessively suave or ingratiating
College girls are never profoundly impressed by unctuousplatitudes, or by theological combat.
unilateral
involving only one part or side
upheaval
a violent disturbance
urge
force or impel in an indicated direction
urgency
an earnest and insistent necessity
verity
conformity to reality or actuality
violate
fail to agree with; go against
Some who have violated the truce have been killed themselves, according to gang leaders and a social worker involved in the talks.
vis-a-vis
a person or thing having the same characteristics as another
watchdog
a dog trained to guard property
watchful
engaged in or accustomed to close observation
withdrawn
tending to reserve or introspection
In times of hostility, diplomats are often withdrawn for reasons of personal safety, as well as in some cases when the host country is friendly but there is a perceived threat from internal dissidents.
immunity
an act exempting someone
diplomatic immunity
exemption from taxation or normal processes of law that is offered to diplomatic personnel in a foreign country
struggle
strenuous effort
commerce
transactions supplying goods and services
morality
the quality of being in accord with right or good conduct
persuasion
communication intended to induce belief or action
leadership
the status of being in charge
tactic
a plan for attaining a particular goal
advocacy
active support of an idea or cause
cooperation
the practice of working together on a common enterprise
bargain
an agreement between parties fixing obligations of each
maneuver
a military training exercise
denounce
speak out against
ultimatum
a final peremptory demand
adept
having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude
sphere
a round three-dimensional closed surface
league
an association of states or individuals for common action
influence
a power to affect persons or events
geopolitics
the study of the effects of economic geography on the powers of the state
infringement
an act that disregards an agreement or a right
declaration
a statement that is emphatic and explicit
ultimatum
a final peremptory demand
shuttle
travel back and forth between two points
extraordinary
serving an unusual or special function
sphere of influence
the geographical area in which one nation is very influential
foreign policy
a policy governing international relations
foreign agent
a spy for a foreign country
spy
(military) a secret agent hired by a state to obtain information about its enemies or by a business to obtain industrial secrets from competitors
operation
activity by a military or naval force
invasion
any entry into an area not previously occupied
annexation
incorporation by joining or uniting
unification
the act of making or becoming a single entity
claim
demand as being one’s due or property
prisoner of war
a person who surrenders to the enemy in time of war
allegiance
the loyalty that citizens owe to their country
