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human bio > 2.5 Structure and function of arteries, capillaries and veins > Flashcards

2.5 Structure and function of arteries, capillaries and veins Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the 3 types of blood vessels that transport blood?

A

arteries, veins and capillaries

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2
Q

how is blood transported from and to the heart

A

blood is pumped from the heart in arteries and returned to the heart in veins

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3
Q

what connects arteries and veins, and what happens there?

A

capillaries connect arteries and veins, allowing molecules to be exchanged between the blood and cells

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4
Q

do arteries carry blood to or away from the heart?

A

arteries carries blood away from the heart

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5
Q

do veins carry blood to or away from the heart

A

veins carries blood to the heart

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6
Q

what type of blood do arteries usually carry and what is the exception

A

arteries usally carry oxygenated blood except the pulmonary artery

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7
Q

What type of blood do veins usually carry, and what is the exception?

A

Veins usually carry deoxygenated blood, except for the pulmonary vein.

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8
Q

What kind of pressure do arteries carry blood under?

A

Arteries carry blood under high pressure.

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9
Q

What kind of pressure do veins carry blood under?

A

Veins carry blood under low or negative pressure.

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10
Q

What feature of arteries helps them accommodate blood flow?

A

Arteries have thick muscular and elastic walls.

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11
Q

How do the walls of veins differ from those of arteries?

A

Veins have thin walls with less muscular tissue than arteries.

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12
Q

What provides strength to the walls of arteries?

A

A type of supporting tissue called connective tissue.

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13
Q

How does the amount of connective tissue in veins compare to arteries?

A

Veins have less connective tissue than arteries.

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14
Q

What is the lumen, and how does it differ in arteries and veins?

A

The lumen is the channel that carries blood. It is narrow in arteries and wide in veins.

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15
Q

What feature do veins have to prevent backflow of blood?

A

Veins contain valves.

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16
Q

How does the smooth muscle in arteries control blood flow?

A

Smooth muscle can constrict to cause vasoconstriction or relax to cause vasodilation, controlling blood flow.

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17
Q

What is the role of capillaries in the circulatory system?

A

Capillaries connect the smallest branches of arteries and veins.

18
Q

How thick are the walls of capillaries, and why is this important?

A

The walls of capillaries are just one cell thick, allowing the exchange of molecules between blood and body cells

19
Q

Can the exchange of molecules occur across the walls of arteries or veins?

A

No, the exchange of molecules is only possible across the walls of capillaries.

20
Q

What happens to oxygen in capillaries?

A

Oxygen diffuses through the capillary wall into the tissue fluid and then into the cells

21
Q

Q: How does carbon dioxide move in relation to capillaries?

A

Carbon dioxide diffuses from cells into the tissue fluid and then across the capillary walls into the blood plasma

22
Q

What is the pathway of glucose during the exchange process in capillaries?

A

Glucose diffuses from blood plasma, across the capillary walls, into the tissue fluid, and then to the cells.

23
Q

How is the waste product urea removed from the body via capillaries?

A

Urea diffuses from liver cells to the tissue fluid, then across the capillary walls into the blood plasma.

24
Q

Why are capillaries important for the exchange of materials?

A

Capillaries allow the exchange of substances with body tissues through their thin walls.

25
Q

What happens as blood travels at high pressure towards capillaries?

A

Pressure filtration occurs, allowing plasma to pass through the capillary wall into the surrounding tissue fluid

26
Q

What does tissue fluid provide to the cells, and what does it remove?

A

Tissue fluid provides glucose and oxygen to cells and removes waste products.

27
Q

What happens to most of the tissue fluid after it exchanges substances with cells?

A

Most of the tissue fluid is returned to the blood.

28
Q

How is excess tissue fluid managed in the body?

A

Excess tissue fluid is absorbed by lymphatic vessels and returned to the circulatory system as lymph.

29
Q

What is the main difference between plasma and tissue fluid?

A

Plasma contains plasma proteins, which are not found in tissue fluid because they are too large to pass through capillary walls.

30
Q

Q: How is the heart divided, and what does each side do?

A

A: The heart is divided into the right-hand side, which pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, and the left-hand side, which pumps oxygenated blood around the body.

31
Q

Q: What are the two connected chambers on each side of the heart?

A

A: An atrium and a ventricle.

32
Q

Q: Where does blood collect when it enters the heart?

A

A: In the atria (plural of atrium).

33
Q

Q: What is the role of the ventricles in the heart?

A

A: The ventricles pump blood out of the heart to the lungs or around the body.

34
Q

Q: What separates the right-hand and left-hand sides of the heart?

A

A: The septum.

35
Q

Q: What is the function of the tricuspid valve?

A

A: The tricuspid valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle, opening due to a build-up of pressure in the right atrium.

36
Q

Q: Where is the bicuspid valve located, and how does it function?

A

A: The bicuspid valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle, opening due to a build-up of pressure in the left atrium.

37
Q

Q: What do the semilunar valves do?

A

A: Semilunar valves prevent the backflow of blood into the heart.

38
Q

Q: Where are the semilunar valves located?

A

A: One is where the aorta leaves the left ventricle, and the other is where the pulmonary artery leaves the right ventricle.

39
Q

Q: What are the four main blood vessels associated with the heart, and what are their roles?

A

A:
1. Aorta - Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body.
2. Vena cava - Carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart.
3. Pulmonary artery - Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
4. Pulmonary vein - Returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.s.

40
Q

Q: What is the main artery in the body, and what does it do?

A

A: The aorta is the main artery, carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart.

41
Q

Q: What is the main vein in the body, and what is its role?

A

A: The vena cava is the main vein, carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

42
Q
A

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