2.5 Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What are organic molecules?
Carbon-based chains
What are the extra bond spaces filled with for carbons?
Hydrogen atoms
What does the prefix of a molecule tell you?
How many carbons are in a molecule
Meth
1 carbon
Eth
2 carbons
Prop
3 carbons
But
4 carbons
Pent
5 carbons
Hex
6 carbons
Hept
7 carbons
Oct
8 carbons
What is the prefix for 1 carbon?
Meth
What is the prefix for 2 carbons?
Eth
What is the prefix for 3 carbons?
Prop
What is the prefix for 4 carbons?
But
What is the prefix for 5 carbons?
Pent
What is the prefix for 6 carbons?
Hex
What is the prefix for 7 carbons?
Hept
What is the prefix for 8 carbons?
Oct
What does the ending of a molecule tell you?
What kind of molecule it is
What are alkanes?
Straightforward carbon and hydrogen chains
What is the ending for alkanes?
-ane
What are alkenes?
Chains containing a double bond between 2 carbons
What is the ending for alkenes?
-ene
What are alkynes?
Chains containing a triple bond between 2 carbons
What is the ending for alkynes?
-yne
What are haloalkanes?
An alkane with an extra halogen (atom) attached
What is the ending for haloalkanes?
-o- (eg. Bromo, Chloro)
What are alcohols?
Chains with an OH group attached to a carbon
What is the ending for alcohols?
-anol
What are carboxylic acids?
Chains containing a double-bonded O and OH group attached to an end carbon
What is the ending for carboxylic acids?
-anoic acid
What are amines?
Chains that have an NH2 group attached to an end carbon
What is the ending for amines?
amino- (eg. aminoheptane)
Structural formula
A drawing of the molecule
Molecular formula
The number of each atom a molecule has
