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Pharmacology > 25. Analgesics > Flashcards

25. Analgesics Flashcards

1
Q

Name a prototype nonopioid analgesic

A

NSAIDs and Acetaminophen

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2
Q

Name a prototype opioid analgesic

A

Morphine Sulfate

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3
Q

Name a prototype opioid agonist-antagonist

A

Nalbuphine

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4
Q

Name a prototype opioid antagonist

A

Nalaxone

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5
Q

What is the nurses role in pain?

A
  • assess pt’s pain
  • alleviate pain w/ nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments
  • document pain response
  • teach pt how to manage pain
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6
Q

level of stimulus needed to create a painful sensation

A

pain threshold

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7
Q

amount of pain a pt can endure without it affecting normal functioning

A

pain tolerance

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8
Q

What should a nurse’s pain goal be for the pt?

A

pain level below tolerance level; not necessarily 0 but low enough it doesn’t affect ADLs

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9
Q

mild, moderate, or severe pain that is usually associated w/ a specific tissue injury; sudden onset and short duration

A

acute pain

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10
Q

pain with vague origin; gradual onset and prolonged duration (more than 3 months)

A

chronic pain

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11
Q

unusual sensory disturbance that often involves neural supersensitivity; often due to nervous system disease/injury; described as burning, tingling, or electric shock

A

neuropathic pain

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12
Q

Purpose of nonopioid analgesics

A
  • used for mild to moderate pain

- usually OTC

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13
Q

MOA of Acetaminophen

A
  • inhibition (weak) of prostaglandin synthesis
  • inhibition of hypothalamic heat-regulator center
  • works centrally rather than peripherally (doesn’t carry risks of NSAIDs)
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14
Q

Uses for Acetaminophen

A

decrease pain and fever

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15
Q

Adverse Reactions to Acetaminophen

A
  • elevated liver enzymes (3x upper limit of normal)
  • hepatotoxicity
  • renal failure
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16
Q

Contraindication of Acetaminophen

A

hepatic disease

17
Q

Antidote of Acetaminophen

A

acetylcysteine

18
Q

Pt teaching for Acetaminophen

A
  • teach pt to check OTC label for dosage (max dosage is 4g/day)
  • avoid alcohol ingestion w/ acetaminophen
19
Q

Normal therapeutic range of Acetaminophen

A
  • normal: 10-20 mcg/dL

- toxic: > 200 mcg/dL 4 hours after ingestion

20
Q

Purpose of opioid analgesics

A
  • used for moderate to severe pain
  • controlled substances
  • act mainly on CNS
21
Q

MOA of Morphine

A
  • depression of CNS

- depression of pain impulses by binding w/ opiate receptors in CNS

22
Q

Uses for Morphine

A

moderate to severe pain

23
Q

Adverse reactions to Morphine

A
  • hypotension
  • urticaria
  • seizures
  • ileus (slowing of peristalsis)
  • psychological dependence
  • respiratory depression
24
Q

Morphine (opioid) antagonist

25
Nursing interventions for Morphine administration
- monitor vital signs (hypotension and respiratory depression) - check for pinpoint pupils (can indicate OD) - have Naloxone available
26
Pt teaching for Morphine
- don't drink alcohol or use other CNS depressants - inform patients of possible addiction - Pt should inform difficulty breathing, blurred vision, and headaches
27
Contraindication for opioid analgesics (ex. Morphine)
Head injury (decreased respiration, CO2 retention, and IICP
28
consists of both NSAID and opioid and used for moderate to severe pain; helps decrease drug dependency
combination analgesics
29
What is the most common PCA medication?
Morphine
30
Purpose of transdermal opioid analgesics
- continuous pain control | - NOT for acute pain
31
Most common transdermal opioid medication
Fentanyl
32
T/F: Heat on top of a transdermal opioid patch will increase rate of absorption and may cause OD
True
33
T/F: you should tape a transdermal patch to the pt if it is not sticking
False; will affect rate of absorption -> use a new patch
34
4 facts about analgesic use in pt's w/ substance use disorder
- still need a complete pain assessment - larger doses may be needed - withholding meds won't cure addiction - opioid agonist-antagonists may cause withdrawal
35
MOA of Nalbuphine
inhibits pain impulses transmitted in the CNS by binding w/ opiate receptors and increasing pain threshold
36
Adverse reactions to Nalbuphine
- bradycardia - tachycardia - hypotension - hypertension - dyspnea
37
MOA of Naloxone
blocks effects of narcotics by competing for receptor sites
38
Uses of Naloxone
treats respiratory depression caused by narcotics or narcotic OD
39
Adverse reactions to Naloxone
- N/V - sweating - tachycardia - hypertension - Atrioventricular fibrillation (LT) - pulmonary edema (LT)

Pharmacology (22 decks)

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