2.5 + 2.6 Italy v Nepal Flashcards
What are the primary effects of an earthquake?
- property, buildings and homes destroyed
- people injured and killed
- ports, bridges, roads and railways damaged
- pipes (water and gas) and electric cables broken
What are the secondary effects of an earthquake?
- Business reduced and economy slows (money spent on repairing damage)
- Blocked transport infrastructure hinders emergency services, causing further casualties
- broken gas pipes and fallen electricity cables start fires
- burst water pipes lead to lack of clean water and poor sanitation, causing disease
What are the primary effects of a volcanic eruption?
- property and farmland destroyed
- people and livestock injured
- air travel halted due to airborne volcanic ash damaging the engines
- water supplies contaminated
What are the secondary effects of a volcanic eruption?
- economy slows. emergency services struggle to arrive
- ice melts, causing flooding. flood water or rain mixes with volcanic ash, causing lahars (mudflows), destroying property and killing people
- tourism increases with those interested in volcanoes
- the ash breaks down, forming fertile farmland
What does GNI per capita mean
A country’s total income in a year divided by the number of people
GNI = Gross National Income
What is Italy’s GNI per capita and is it an HIC or LIC?
US$31,000 - HIC
What is Nepal’s GNI per capita and is it an HIC or LIC?
US$800 - LIC
What were the immediate effects for Italy’s Amatrice earthquake in 2016?
- 299 killed and 400 injured
- US$25.4 billion damage
- 4454 homeless
- Over half of the buildings in Amatrice collapsed, including 293 historic buildings
What were the secondary effects for Italy’s Amatrice earthquake in 2016?
- Landslides blocked roads and reduced access
- Farmers struggled as 90% of barns were destroyed
- Looters arrested
- Centre of Amatrice town cordoned off, reducing business
- Residents suffered psychological damage
What were the primary effects of Nepal’s earthquake in Gorka in 2015?
- 8,841 died and 16,800 injured
- US$5 billion damage
- 1 million homeless
- 7000 schools, 26 hospitals and Dharahara Tower (UNESCO World Heritage Site) destroyed
- International airport congested as aid arrived
What are the secondary effects of Neparl’s Gorka earthquake in 2015?
- Landslides and avalanches killed 19 on Mt Everest. Landslide blocked river so people were evacuated in case of flooding. Blocked roads slowed aid.
- Tourism employment and income declined
- Rice seed ruined, causing food shortages and income loss
What were the immediate responses for Italy’s Amatrice earthquake in 2016?
- 10,000 accommodated in 58 tent camps and 4000 in hotels and sports halls
- Rescue effort involved 12 helicopters and 70 dog teams
- A temporary hospital was set up
- US$58 million announced by the Italian government for the emergency response
- rescue hampered by blocked roads, damaged bridge, mountainous terrain and over 2000 aftershocks
What were the long-term responses for Italy’s Amatrice earthquake in 2016?
- students attended neighbouring schools
- US$49 million initiative ‘Italian Homes’ to rebuild earthquake-proof houses
- Tax breaks for 65% of renovation costs
- In 2017 people moved from tents to wooden houses
Give examples of immediate responses
issue warnings
rescue teams
provide shelter, food and drink
recover bodies
give examples of long term responses
repair and rebuild properties
improve building regulations
restore utilities
develop opportunities for recovery of economy
