2.5 Flashcards
Linked Genes
Linked genes are genes/alleles found on the same chromosome therefore are more likely to be inherited together
Unlinked Genes
Unlinked genes are genes/alleles found on different chromosomes or further apart on one chromosome therefore are more likely to be separated during crossing over.
Genetic Variation
Genetic variation are the differences in alleles/genetic information with the population gene pool.
Independent assortment
The process of independent assortment is where the homologous pairs line up in a random order along the cell equator.
Crossing over
Crossing over is the exchange of alleles of chromosomes between homologous pairs occurring during meiosis
Mutation
Mutation is a random change in the base sequence of DNA and the only way of creating new alleles
Natural selection
Natural selection is the process where individuals with beneficial phenotypes survive and reproduce. These individuals pass the favorable alleles for these phenotypes onto the next generation, increasing allele frequency.
Founder effect
Founder effect is when a small group of individuals from an existing population moves to another area and are reproductively isolated from the original population.
Genetic drift
A random change in allele frequency within a population.
Complete dominance
A random change in allele frequency within a population.
Incomplete dominance
Incomplete dominance is where the alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are expressed in an mixed form resulting in off-spring, forming a new in-between phenotype.
Multiple allels
Multiple alleles are alleles of which there are more than 2/3 or more alternatives available for one gene. This results in multiple phenotypes.
Gene pool
Gene pool is all the alleles present in an interbreeding population.
Allele frequency
Allele frequency is the relative frequency of an allele within a population.
Meiosis
Meiosis is a type of cell devision which produces gametes.
