2410 thorax&lungs Flashcards
landmarks in anterior thorax 2 important indications
angle of louis
- tracheal bifurcation
- upper border of atria
landmarks of posterior thorax
c7 & t1 spinous proceses
anterior location of (R) lung
apex: 3-4 cm above clavicle
base: 6th rib MCL
describe (R) lung fissures
oblique fissure: 5th rib MAL ->6th rib MCL
horizontal fissure: 5th rib MAL -> 4th RSB
(L) lung lobe #, describe fissure
2 lobes, 5th rib MAL -> 6th rib MCL
differences btw (R) & (L) lungs
(R) lung shorter 3 lobes
(L) narrower 2 lobes
posterior position of lungs: apex, base, upper & lower lobe
Apex: c7/t1
base: t10, t12 (inspiration)
upper lobe: t1-.t3/t4
lower lobe: t10 (t12 inspiration)
define pleurae
serous membranes btw lungs and chest wall
describe 2 types of pleurae
visceral: line the lungs
parietal: line chest wall
infant/children developmental considerations
- airways
- alveoli
- risk
- diameter of airways is small
- less alveoli
- higher risk for resp. dz
pregnancy developmental considerations
- diaphragm
- expansion
- chest
- o2
- uterus pushes diaphragm up 4cm
- lungs expand horizontally
- diameter of chest expands
- higher o2 needs increased tidal volume
elderly develop. considerations
- cartilage
- thorax
- lungs
- alveoli
- risk
- funx
- coastal cartilage becomes calcified
- thorax less mobile
- lungs are less elastic
- decreased # of alveoli
- higher risk for atelectasis & infx
- decreased cough and increased secretions
was does a cough indicate when continuous afternoon evening early morning
- acute illnes
- irritants
- sinusitis, postural drainage
- brochitis
what do these sputum colors indicate white/clear yellow/green rust pink/frothy
- whiteclear: colds bronchitis
- yellow, green: bacterial
- rust:TB
- pink,froth: CHF pulmonary embolism
normal
- ap:lateral diameter ratio
- slope of ribs
1:2 or 5:7
45 degrees
abnorm ap:lat diameter ratio & costal angle
ap=lat (barrel chest)
greater than 90 degrees (emphysema copd)
define retraction
drawing back of interspaces or bulging of interspaces
define cheyne stokes
hyperpnea with apnea
2 palpations of posterior thorax
- respiratory expansion (t9/t10)
2. tactile fremitus (vibrations when pt says 99/blue moon) check for symmetry
cause of increased fremitus
causes of decreased fremitus
- consolidation of lung (pneumonia)
2. obstruction of transmission of vibrations (pleural effusion, pneumothorax, obstruction of bronchus)
what is rhoncal fremitus,
thick bronchial secretions
what is pleural friction rub
inflammation of pleurae that causes grating sensation
what is crepitus
crackling sensation on skin, happens b/c of sub cutaneous emphysema or thoracic surgery or injury
