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Wjec Chemistry Unit 2 > 2.4 Organic Com > Flashcards

2.4 Organic Com Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a functional group

A

Group/atom that gives the compound its characteristic properties

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2
Q

Suffix for alkanes

A

Ane

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3
Q

Suffix for alkenes

A

Ene

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4
Q

Prefix and suffix of halogenoalkanes

A

Prefix - the halogen

Suffix - ane

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5
Q

Suffix for alcohol (-OH)

A

Ol

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6
Q

Suffix for carboxylic acids (-COOH)

A

Oic acids

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7
Q

Prefix for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 carbons in chain

A

Meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex

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8
Q

Rules when naming organic compounds

A
  • identify longest C chain that contains functional group
  • identity the functional group
  • number the C atoms in chain in order that gives any side chains or substituted groups the smallest numbers possible
  • if there are side chains- add them as prefixes (if more than 1 place in alphabetical order)
  • if 2 or more of the same functional group or side chain use prefixes (di, tri, tetra)
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9
Q

Name the prefixes for these side chains, Cl, I, Br, F, 1C, 2C, 3C

A

Chloro, iodo, bromo, floro, methyl, ethyl, propyl

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10
Q

What does empirical formula show

A

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element

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11
Q

What does molecular formula show

A

True number of atoms of each element

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12
Q

What does general formula show

A

All members of a homologous organic series

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13
Q

General formula of alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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14
Q

General formula of alkenes

A

CnH2n

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15
Q

What does structural formula show

A

Structural arrangement of atoms within a molecule

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16
Q

what does Displayed formula show

A

Every atom and every bond in an organic compound

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17
Q

What does skeletal formula show

A

Carbon/hydrogen backbone of the molecule as a series of bonds with any functional groups attached

18
Q

Effect of chain length on boiling temperature

A

Increases along with increasing length of chain
Due to increasing VDW forces
• chain branches reduce ability to form VDW - lower boiling temperature

19
Q

Effect of chain length on solubility

A

Increasing hydrocarbon chain decreases solubility

Due to hydrocarbon chains not interacting with H2O

20
Q

How does functional group affect boiling temperature

A

If the molecule is polar (has permanent dipole interactions) or can hydrogen bond- will have high boiling temperature eg alcohol

21
Q

How does functional group affect solubility

A
  • If only Van Der Waals- cannot dissolve in water as not enough attractions with polar water molecules
  • If it can hydrogen bond it will form them with water and dissolve
  • solubility of alcohols and carboxylic acid decreases as chain length increases as hydrocarbon chain increases so large hydrophobic effect makes it insoluble
22
Q

What is a structural isomer

A

Compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formula

23
Q

What are the 3 types of structural isomerism

A

Chain, position and functional group

24
Q

Chain isomerism

A

C chain arranged differently

25
Q

Position isomerism

A

Functional group in different position

26
Q

Functional group isomerism

A

Functional group is different

27
Q

What is stereoisomers

A

Same structural formula with different arrangement of groups

28
Q

Examples of stereoisomers

A

E/Z isomers and optical isomers

29
Q

Why does E/Z isomers occur

A

In alkenes due to restricted rotation around the double bond

30
Q

What is a Z isomer

A

Priority groups on Zame side

31
Q

What is an E isomer

A

Priority groups on oppositE sides

32
Q

How to assign priority in e/z isomers

A

Atoms with highest Ar/Mr that us directly attached to C=C

33
Q

Why does E isomers tend to have stronger intermolecular forces and higher melting temperatures

A

Can pack together better than Z

34
Q

What is an electrophile

A
  • Electron deficient species that can accept a lone pair of electrons
  • have positive charge or delta +
  • attack electron rich areas (negative)
35
Q

Common electrophiles

A
  • H delta+ from HBr or H2SO4

* Br delta + from Br2

36
Q

What is a nucleophile?

A
  • Electron rich species that can donate a lone pair of electrons
  • have negative charge/ lone pair of electrons (must be shown)
  • attack positive or electron deficient areas
  • involved in nucleophilic substitution reactions with halogenoalkanes to form nitriles, amines and alcohols
37
Q

Common nucleophiles

A
  • hydroxide ion -:OH
  • cyanide ion -:CN
  • ammonia molecule :NH3
38
Q

What is a radical?

A
  • Species with an unpaired electron (show as a dot next to chemical symbol)
  • very reactive
  • UV light breaks down the bond - homolytic fission
  • Attack alkanes during halogenation
39
Q

Example of radical

A

Cl•

40
Q

What is bond fission

A

Splitting of a covalent bond

41
Q

What is heterolytic bond fission

A

One of bonded atoms receives both electrons from the covalent bond
Ions are formed

42
Q

What is homolytic bond fission

A

Each of the bonded atom receives one of the bonded electrons
Produces radicals

Wjec Chemistry Unit 2 (8 decks)

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