2.4 - Nucleic Acids: Genomes

Question 1

What is transcriptome and proteome? (for interest only)

Answer 1

A transcriptome is the full range of messenger RNA, or mRNA, molecules expressed by an organism.
Proteome is the complete set of proteins that is expressed in an organelle, cell type or tissue under a specific set of conditions.

Question 2

True or False?

larger genomes = more complex organism

Answer 2

false

Question 3

What is a genome?

Answer 3

The genetic material transmitted from parents to offspring

Question 4

What are introns and exons?

Answer 4

intron - nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA splicing

exon - nucleotide sequence that remains in the final mature RNA

Question 5

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Answer 5

The genotype is the genetic material passed between generations, and phenotype is observable characteristics or traits of an organism.

Question 6

What are the 3 types of genotypes? (for interest only)

Answer 6

homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive, and hetrozygous.

Question 7

What are the different mechanisms by which bacterial cells package their DNA?

Answer 7

supercoils of DNA form multiple loops (circular chromosome) and are stored in the nucleoid

Question 8

What are the different mechanisms by which eukaryotic cells package their DNA?

Answer 8

tightly coiled DNA is found in linear chromosomes within the nucleus and is packaged around special proteins called histones